NPSA have published new videos to support individuals exposed to threats to their personal safety and security because of factors including their access to sensitive information, where they work, and their public stance on contentious issues. They can be viewed on this page Personal Safety and Security Videos.
If there is an immediate threat to you or others, call 999 and ask for the police.
This guidance does not cover domestic violence. For help with domestic abuse, visit
GOV.UK: Domestic abuse - how to get help.
Who is a high-risk individual?
A high-risk individual is someone whose work, profile, or access to sensitive information makes them a potential target for threats from hostile actors, including state-backed organisations or terrorist groups.
You may be a high-risk individual if one or more of the following apply to you:
- Your work or public stance on a contentious issue is visible to others
- State-backed organisations may try to influence you or show hostility towards you or your organisation
- Hostile actors are seeking to stop you from continuing your lawful activities
- You or your organisation have already received a credible threat or been subject to an attack
- You have access to information that is highly attractive to threat actors
- There is intelligence of a threat to you, your associates, or people in a similar role
Everyone faces some level of risk to their personal safety, but high-risk individuals require more structured protection.
Understanding Your Level of Risk
Why personal security matters beyond the individual
Threats to high-risk individuals do not only affect the person targeted. There are broader consequences for organisations and society, including:
- Undermining freedom of speech
- Compromising the integrity of democratic processes
- Organisations censoring themselves due to risk to their staff
- Disinformation and intimidation eroding public trust
Types of threats you may face
Threats can range from harassment to serious physical assault. They may be directed at you or your family. Threats generally fall into two categories
- Online abuse, harassment, and intimidation
- Threatening or malicious communications
- Misinformation and disinformation
- Unlawful access to your accounts or personal information
- Stalking or surveillance
- Abuse, harassment, or intimidation
- Physical assault
- Kidnapping
- Criminal damage to property
What makes you more vulnerable?
Certain factors can increase your vulnerability to threats:
- You need to be publicly accessible in your role
- You have not fully considered your personal safety and security arrangements
- Your home or work address is widely known or easily discoverable online
- Your daily movements are predictable (for example, always catching the same train or visiting the same gym at the same time)
- Your home or workplace has limited or no protective security measures
- Changes in geopolitics or the news are directly relevant to your work
When Are You Most Vulnerable?
How to protect yourself: three key steps
Be Alert
Stay aware of your surroundings. Recognising a threat early and acting quickly can significantly reduce risk. Regularly review what information about you is publicly available.
Plan Ahead
Avoid predictable routines. Take steps to protect yourself and your family online, at home, and when travelling. Know how to leave a dangerous situation quickly.
Know What To Do
If you are in immediate danger, or you have concerns about threatening behaviour or suspicious activity, know in advance:
What to do; Who to contact; What information to provide when reporting an incident
Additional resources
The following guidance provides more detailed advice on specific aspects of personal security:
- NPSA: Defending Democracy - Protective security for those involved in elections
- NCSC guidance for high-risk individuals - Cyber security advice for protecting your accounts and devices