{"openapi":"3.0.0","info":{"title":"NHS Website Content API v2","version":"Computed and injected at build time by `scripts/set_version.py`","description":"## Overview\nThis API provides content from the [NHS website](https://www.nhs.uk) as JSON, to be consumed programmatically and used by your application.\n\nBefore April 2025, the Conditions A to Z contained a broad mix of content including conditions, symptoms, tests, treatments, and baby-related information. This has been reorganized into a new Health A to Z hub with content logically grouped into dedicated sections.\n\nThe April 2025 update introduces new endpoints for 'health-a-to-z', 'health-a-to-z/conditions', 'symptoms', 'tests-and-treatments', 'baby' and 'social-care-and-support' that reflect the reallocation of these pages to new A to Z pages on the website.\n\nYou can reuse the content from the following sections of the NHS website:\n  * Health A to Z ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/health-a-to-z/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/health-a-to-z))\n  * Health A to Z - Common topics ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/health-a-to-z/conditions/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/health-a-to-z/conditions))\n  * Conditions A to Z ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/conditions))\n  * Symptoms A to Z ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/symptoms))\n  * Tests and treatments A to Z ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/tests-and-treatments/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/tests-and-treatments))\n  * Medicines A to Z ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/medicines))\n  * Mental health ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/mental-health))\n  * Live Well ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/live-well))\n  * Pregnancy ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/pregnancy/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/pregnancy))\n  * NHS services ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/nhs-services))\n  * Contraception ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/contraception/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/contraception))\n  * Vaccinations ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/vaccinations))\n  * Women's health ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/womens-health/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/womens-health))\n  * Social care and support ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/social-care-and-support/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/social-care-and-support))\n  * Baby ([Website](https://www.nhs.uk/baby/) | [API](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/api-catalogue/nhs-website-content/v2#get-/baby))\n\nYou cannot use this API to:\n  * [find services near you](https://www.nhs.uk/nhs-services/services-near-you/)\n  * get Ratings and Reviews of NHS services.\n\nIf you are migrating from our [old NHS website APIs](https://developer.api.nhs.uk/nhs-api), we have a [migration guide](https://developer.api.nhs.uk/support/migration/guide) to help walk you through the process and a [migration assistant](https://developer.api.nhs.uk/support/migration/assistant) to illustrate the differences in how your API requests will need to be updated.\n\n## Updates\n\n| Version       | Date | Changes   |\n|------------|-----|--------------|\n| 2.2.0 | April 2025  | Introduce `symptoms` and `tests-and-treatments` endpoints |\n\n\n## Who can use this API\nAnyone can use this API for any purpose, so long as they have agreed to the [Online connection agreement](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/online-connection-agreement) during the [onboarding process](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/onboarding-process) and they include an [attribution](#overview--attribution) as outlined below.\n\n## Attribution\nAny syndicated content must incorporate the following attribution (credit) to the NHS website:\n\n<img src=\"https://assets.nhs.uk/nhsuk-cms/images/nhs-attribution.width-510.png\" alt=\"Content supplied by the NHS website\" width=\"510\" height=\"99\" style=\"width: 250px; height: 49px;\" />\n\nThe logo should be clearly visible and in line with the associated content on every web page that contains the syndicated content. You should also link this logo to the relevant page on the NHS website that the content has been supplied from.\n\n```\n<a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/PATH_TO_THE_ORIGINAL_CONTENT_ON_THE_NHS_WEBSITE\" target=\"_blank\">\n  <img src=\"https://assets.nhs.uk/nhsuk-cms/images/nhs-attribution.width-510.png\" alt=\"Content supplied by the NHS website\" width=\"510\" height=\"99\" style=\"width: 250px; height: 49px;\" />\n</a>\n```\n\nThe logo image URL is supplied as part of the JSON response under author:\n\n```\n\"author\": {\n  \"url\": \"https://www.nhs.uk\",\n  \"logo\": \"https://assets.nhs.uk/nhsuk-cms/images/nhs-attribution.width-510.png\",\n  \"email\": \"nhswebsite.servicedesk@nhs.net\",\n  \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n  \"name\": \"NHS website\"\n}\n```\n\nIf you are displaying NHS syndicated content in a context where a functional link back to the article on the NHS website is not possible then you should use the following attribution (credit):\n\n```\n<p>From <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/\" target=\"_blank\">www.nhs.uk<a/></p>\n```\n\n## Modularised content\nThe standard content available through our syndication service is based on the full pages on the NHS website. With our modularised content, you can instead choose to use shorter, more specific sections of content (called \"modules\") from our pages. This means you can show your users only the content that's most relevant to them. You can also use this content more easily in services like apps and voice assistants.\n\n### Benefits of our modularised content\n\n1. **More relevant content for users** &mdash; Users do not always want or need full pages of content. With our modularised content, you can choose exactly what your users get.\n\n2. **Suitable for a range of services** &mdash; Short, specific content modules can be used more easily than full web pages in services like apps, chatbots and voice assistants.\n\n3. **Clinical assurance** &mdash; Each module is checked by NHS clinicians before being made available and carries the trusted NHS brand.\n\n### Available labels / health aspects\n\nWe create modules by adding labels (health aspects) to sections of content on our web pages. For example, on our medical condition pages we have labels (health aspects) for sections on \"Overview\", \"Symptoms\", \"Treatments\", \"Causes\" and more. These labels (health aspects) are based on international standards for structured data from [Schema.org](https://schema.org/HealthAspectEnumeration). Before being made available, each module is checked by our clinical team to make sure it remains accurate and safe to use in isolation.\n\n<div class=\"nhsd-m-expander\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n  <details>\n    <summary class=\"nhsd-m-expander__heading-container\" aria-label=\"List of health aspects\" >\n      <div>\n        <span class=\"nhsd-m-expander__icon nhsd-!t-margin-right-1\">\n          <span class=\"nhsd-a-icon nhsd-a-icon--size-xs\" style=\"margin: 0;\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" focusable=\"false\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\">\n              <path d=\"M12,8l-6.5,7L4,13.5L9.2,8L4,2.5L5.5,1L12,8z\"/>\n            </svg>\n          </span>\n        </span>\n        <p class=\"nhsd-m-expander__heading nhsd-t-body\">List of health aspects</p>\n      </div>\n    </summary>\n    <div class=\"nhsd-m-expander__content-container\">\n      <p>Here are the 31 health aspects that we currently have available for modularisation, in order of frequency of use:</p>\n      <ul>\n        <li>OverviewHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>SymptomsHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>TreatmentsHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>CausesHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>MedicalHelpNonurgentHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>SelfCareHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>MedicalHelpUrgentHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>MedicalHelpEmergencyHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>DiagnosisHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>PreventionHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>SideEffectsHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>LivingWithHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>SuitabilityHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>InteractionsHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>PregnancyHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>RisksOrComplicationsHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>PrognosisHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>BenefitsHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>ContagiousnessHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>WhatHappensHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>PreparationHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>ResultsHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>TypesHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>ContraindicationsHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>GettingAccessHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>WarningHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>EffectivenessHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>HowItWorksHealthAspect</li>\n        <li>IngredientsHealthAspect</li>\n      </ul>\n    </div>\n  </details>\n</div>\n\n### Getting modularised content\n\nTo get modularised content, you can use the boolean `modules` query parameter in the [conditions/*](#get-/conditions/*) and [medicines/*](#get-/medicines/*) endpoints. This will return the modularised version of the page (if there is one). If the requested page has not been modularised, the full page will be returned.\n\nYou can get a list of which pages have (and have not) been modularised and which health aspects they contain by calling the `/manifest/pages/` endpoint.\n\n## Schema page types\n\nThroughout the NHS website we have a couple of page models which are defined using the `@type` property. It is a good thing to implement each page type into your product, as multiple page types can be used within in a single genre (conditions, live-well, medicines, etc).\n\n1. **WebPage** &mdash; This is the default type and is [defined by Schema.org](https://schema.org/WebPage)\n\n2. **MedicalWebPage** &mdash; A web page that provides medical information and is [defined by Schema.org](https://schema.org/MedicalWebPage)\n\nHere is a list of properties for each schema page type we are currently using:\n\n| WebPage          | MedicalWebPage      |\n| ---------------- | ------------------- |\n| @context         | @context            |\n| @type            | @type               |\n| name             | name                |\n| copyrightHolder  | copyrightHolder     |\n| license          | license             |\n| author           | author              |\n| about            | about               |\n| description      | description         |\n| url              | url                 |\n| genre            | genre               |\n| keywords         | keywords            |\n| dateModified     | dateModified        |\n| lastReviewed     | lastReviewed        |\n| breadcrumb       | breadcrumb          |\n| hasPart          | hasPart             |\n| relatedLink      | relatedLink         |\n| contentSubTypes  | contentSubTypes     |\n| mainEntityOfPage | mainEntityOfPage    |\n|                  | alternativeHeadline |\n\nIt is worth noting that the `genre` property is what we use to define which section the article sits in, and the `@type` is used to define how that article is structured.\n\n## API status\nThis API has moved from the [NHS website developer portal](https://developer.api.nhs.uk/). \nIt is currently [in production](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/reference-guide#statuses).\n\n## Service level\nThis API is a [bronze service](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/reference-guide#service-levels).\n\n## Technology\nThis API is [RESTful](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/our-api-technologies#basic-rest).\n\nPage objects conform to global [schema.org](https://schema.org/) standards.\n\n## Network access\nThis API is available on the internet and, indirectly, on the [Health and Social Care Network (HSCN)](https://digital.nhs.uk/services/health-and-social-care-network).\n\nTo use this API with [NHS smartcards](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/security-and-authorisation/nhs-smartcards-for-developers), the end user needs an HSCN connection, although internet-facing alternatives to smartcards are available.\n\nFor more details see [Network access for APIs](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/network-access-for-apis).\n\n## Security and authorisation\n\nThis API use the [Application-restricted RESTful API - API key authentication](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/security-and-authorisation/application-restricted-restful-apis-api-key-authentication) security pattern, meaning we authenticate the calling application but not the end user.\n\nWhen calling the Integration Test environment or Production environment, you must provide a valid `apikey` in your request header.\n\nTo obtain an API key for each of these environments you must sign in to the [NHS Digital Onboarding Service - Developer account](https://onboarding.prod.api.platform.nhs.uk/Index) and register your application to be granted [environment access](https://onboarding.prod.api.platform.nhs.uk/MyApplications).\n\nYour API keys will look something like: `XW7DGBVQzO0yPKdPbRXeqITzbdJ1jNh7` (example apikey)\n\n<strong>NOTE:</strong> You will not need the 'Secret', and you don't need to specify a 'Public key URL' or a 'Callback URL' to use this API.\n\n## Errors\nWe use standard HTTP status codes to show whether an API request succeeded or not. They are usually in the range:\n  * 200 to 299 if it succeeded, including code 202 if it was accepted by an API that needs to wait for further action\n  * 400 to 499 if it failed because of a client error by your application\n  * 500 to 599 if it failed because of an error on our server.\n\nErrors specific to each endpoint are shown in the endpoints section, under response. See our [reference guide](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/reference-guide#http-status-codes) for more on errors.\n\n## Environments and testing\n| Environment       | Base URL                                                               |\n| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- |\n| Sandbox           | `https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/`              |\n| Development       |  Not used                                                              |\n| Integration test  | `https://int.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/`                  |\n| Production        | `https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/`                      |\n\n### Sandbox environment\nOur [sandbox environment](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/testing#sandbox-testing):\n* is for early developer testing\n* only covers a limited set of scenarios\n* is open access, so does not allow you to test authorisation (you do not need to provide an `apikey` in the request header)\n* is [rate limited](#overview--usage-caps)\n\n<div class=\"nhsd-m-expander\" style=\"margin-bottom: 1rem;\">\n  <details>\n    <summary class=\"nhsd-m-expander__heading-container\" aria-label=\"The sandbox environment includes the following 77 mocked endpoints\" >\n      <div>\n        <span class=\"nhsd-m-expander__icon nhsd-!t-margin-right-1\">\n          <span class=\"nhsd-a-icon nhsd-a-icon--size-xs\" style=\"margin: 0;\">\n            <svg xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\" focusable=\"false\" viewBox=\"0 0 16 16\">\n              <path d=\"M12,8l-6.5,7L4,13.5L9.2,8L4,2.5L5.5,1L12,8z\"/>\n            </svg>\n          </span>\n        </span>\n        <p class=\"nhsd-m-expander__heading nhsd-t-body\">The sandbox environment includes the following 77 mocked endpoints</p>\n      </div>\n    </summary>\n    <div class=\"nhsd-m-expander__content-container\">\n      <h4>API v2 root</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/</a> (Not a valid endpoint)</li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Manifest pages</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/manifest/pages/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/manifest/pages/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/manifest/pages/?page=1\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/manifest/pages/?page=1</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/manifest/pages/?page=2\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/manifest/pages/?page=2</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Health A to Z</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/health-a-to-z/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/health-a-to-z/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Conditions A to Z - Common topics</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/health-a-to-z/conditions/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/health-a-to-z/conditions/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Conditions (Health A to Z)</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?category=a\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?category=a</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?category=a&amp;genre=condition\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?category=a&amp;genre=condition</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?category=a&amp;genre=hub\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?category=a&amp;genre=hub</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?category=b\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?category=b</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?category=z\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?category=z</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?page=1\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?page=1</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?page=2\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?page=2</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?page=29\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/?page=29</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/achalasia/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/achalasia/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acne/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acne/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acne/?modules=true\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acne/?modules=true</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/angiography/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/angiography/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/cancer/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/cancer/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/zika/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/zika/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Symptoms A-Z</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/?category=a\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/?category=a</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/?category=b\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/?category=b</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/?page=1\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/?page=1</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/?page=6\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/?page=6</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Tests and Treatments A-Z</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/tests-and-treatments\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/tests-and-treatments/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/tests-and-treatments/?category=a\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/tests-and-treatments/?category=a</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/tests-and-treatments/?category=b\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/tests-and-treatments/?category=b</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/tests-and-treatments/?page=1\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/tests-and-treatments/?page=1</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/tests-and-treatments/?page=7\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/tests-and-treatments/?page=7</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Medicines</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?category=a\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?category=a</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?category=b\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?category=b</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?category=z\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?category=z</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?page=1\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?page=1</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?page=11\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?page=11</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/aciclovir/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/aciclovir/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/acrivastine/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/acrivastine/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/acrivastine/?modules=true\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/acrivastine/?modules=true</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/zopiclone/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/zopiclone/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Mental health</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/advice-for-life-situations-and-events/support-for-workplace-bullying/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/advice-for-life-situations-and-events/support-for-workplace-bullying/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Live Well</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/live-well/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/live-well/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/live-well/alcohol-advice/alcohol-support/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/live-well/alcohol-advice/alcohol-support/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/live-well/exercise/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/live-well/exercise/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/live-well/healthy-weight/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/live-well/healthy-weight/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Pregnancy</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/pregnancy/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/pregnancy/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/pregnancy/finding-out/finding-out-you-are-pregnant/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/pregnancy/finding-out/finding-out-you-are-pregnant/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/pregnancy/having-a-baby-if-you-are-lgbt-plus/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/pregnancy/having-a-baby-if-you-are-lgbt-plus/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/pregnancy/trying-for-a-baby/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/pregnancy/trying-for-a-baby/</a>\"</li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>NHS Services</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/gps/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/gps/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/gps/how-to-register-with-a-gp-surgery/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/gps/how-to-register-with-a-gp-surgery/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/prescriptions-and-pharmacies/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/prescriptions-and-pharmacies/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Contraception</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/combined-pill/what-is-it/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/combined-pill/what-is-it/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/condoms/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/condoms/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Vaccinations</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/nhs-vaccinations-and-when-to-have-them/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/nhs-vaccinations-and-when-to-have-them/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/6-in-1-vaccine/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/6-in-1-vaccine/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/travel-vaccinations/available-travel-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/travel-vaccinations/available-travel-vaccines/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Women's health</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/womens-health/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/womens-health/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/womens-health/periods/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/womens-health/periods/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/womens-health/anaemia/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/womens-health/anaemia/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Social care and support</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/social-care-and-support/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/social-care-and-support/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/social-care-and-support/introduction-to-care-and-support/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/social-care-and-support/introduction-to-care-and-support/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/social-care-and-support/money-work-and-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/social-care-and-support/money-work-and-benefits/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/social-care-and-support/care-after-a-hospital-stay/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/social-care-and-support/care-after-a-hospital-stay/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n      <h4>Baby</h4>\n      <ul>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/baby/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/baby/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/baby/caring-for-a-newborn/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/baby/support-and-services/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/baby/support-and-services/</a></li>\n        <li><a href=\"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/baby/first-aid-and-safety/\" target=\"_blank\">https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/baby/first-aid-and-safety/</a></li>\n      </ul>\n    </div>\n  </details>\n</div>\n\nFor details of sandbox test scenarios, or to try out the sandbox using our 'Try this API' feature, see the documentation for each endpoint.\n\nAlternatively, you can try out the sandbox using our Postman collection:\n\n[![Run in Postman](https://run.pstmn.io/button.svg)](https://app.getpostman.com/run-collection/36572637-700d4550-5fd8-495d-8a4a-8e7c84324497)\n\n### Integration test environment\nOur [integration test environment](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/testing#integration-testing):\n* is for formal integration testing\n* includes authorisation via an API Key, which can be obtained from the [NHS Digital Onboarding Service - Developer account](https://onboarding.prod.api.platform.nhs.uk/Index). This will be different from your Production environment API key.\n* has a restricted [rate limit](#overview--usage-caps)\n\nHere is an example cURL request, calling the integration test environment\n```\ncurl -X GET 'https://int.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  -H 'apikey: YOUR_INTEGRATION_TEST_ENVIRONMENT_APIKEY_GOES_HERE'\n```\n     \nFor more details see [integration testing with our RESTful APIs](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/testing#integration-testing-with-our-restful-apis).\n\n### Production environment\nOur production environment:\n* requires you to get your [application/product onboarded](#overview--onboarding) and approved by us\n* is to be used by your production application\n* includes authorisation via an API Key, which can be obtained from the [NHS Digital Onboarding Service - Developer account](https://onboarding.prod.api.platform.nhs.uk/Index). This will be different from your Integration test environment API key.\n* has a higher [rate limit](#overview--usage-caps)\n\nHere is an example cURL request, calling the production environment\n```\ncurl -X GET 'https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/' \\\n  -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \\\n  -H 'apikey: YOUR_PRODUCTION_ENVIRONMENT_APIKEY_GOES_HERE'\n```\n\n## Onboarding\nYou need to get your software approved by us before it can go live with this API. We call this onboarding.\n\nDuring this process you will be asked agree to the [Online connection agreement](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/online-connection-agreement).\n\nYou can [submit your application/product for onboarding](https://onboarding.prod.api.platform.nhs.uk/Products) using the [Digital Onboarding Service](https://onboarding.prod.api.platform.nhs.uk/Index)\n\nOnce all your onboarding responses have been approved, we will enable the 'NHS Website Content API' for your Production application.\n\n## Caching\nCaching of all responses from the NHS website content API is recommended, and you should do so where possible, unless otherwise notified to you by NHS Digital. The cached data should be refreshed no less than once every 7 days. If instructed to refresh cached NHS website content, you must do so immediately.\n\n## Usage caps\nCalls to this API are rate limited as follows:\n| Environment       | Rate limit                      |\n| ----------------- | ------------------------------- |\n| Sandbox           | 60 requests per minute          |\n| Integration test  | 120 requests per minute         |\n| Production        | 1200 requests per minute        |\n\n## Developer Community\n\nIf you require any assistance understanding or using the NHS Website Content API please visit [our dedicated category](https://developer.community.nhs.uk/c/nhs-website-content-api/41) within the [Developer Community](https://developer.community.nhs.uk/). This is where you can post your questions and get help from both NHS developer support staff and other community members. When starting a new topic, we recommend you select the category `NHS Website Content API`.\n","contact":{"name":"NHS Website Content API v2 Support","url":"https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/help-and-support","email":"api.management@nhs.net"}},"servers":[{"url":"https://sandbox.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content","description":"Sandbox environment."},{"url":"https://int.api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content","description":"Integration test environment."},{"url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content","description":"Production environment."}],"security":[{"apikey":[]}],"paths":{"/manifest/pages":{"parameters":[{"name":"page","in":"query","description":"Page number, used to filter paginated results.","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"1"}}],"get":{"summary":"Get details about all the pages","operationId":"get-manifest-pages","description":"## Overview\nUse this endpoint to get details of all the pages available via the NHS Website Content API v2.\n\nThis includes details such as name, description, url, webpage, modification date and whether the page has been modularised. \n\nPassing in no parameters returns the first page of results.\n\nThe response is limited to 100 results and is paginated.\n","responses":{"200":{"description":"A valid query for manifest pages.\n","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"pagination":{"type":"object","properties":{"first":{"type":"string","format":"uri"},"last":{"type":"string","format":"uri"},"self":{"type":"string","format":"uri"},"next":{"type":"string","format":"uri"},"count":{"type":"integer"}},"required":["first","last","self","count"]},"results":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"id":{"type":"integer"},"dateFirstPublished":{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},"dateModified":{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},"dateNextReview":{"type":"string","format":"date-time"},"description":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"healthAspects":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"modules":{"type":"boolean"},"name":{"type":"string"},"type":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string","format":"uri"},"webpage":{"type":"string","format":"uri"}},"required":["id","dateFirstPublished","dateModified","dateNextReview","description","genre","healthAspects","modules","name","type","url","webpage"]}}},"required":["pagination","results"]},"example":{"pagination":{"first":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/manifest/pages/?page=1","last":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/manifest/pages/?page=50","self":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/manifest/pages/?page=1","next":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/manifest/pages/?page=2","count":4985},"results":[{"id":19055,"dateFirstPublished":"2017-11-28T16:31:08.215000Z","dateModified":"2021-11-18T15:26:06.000524Z","dateNextReview":null,"description":null,"genre":[],"healthAspects":[],"modules":false,"name":"Health A to Z","type":"ConditionsHomePage","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/","webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/"},{"id":19056,"dateFirstPublished":"2017-10-24T09:48:21.503000+01:00","dateModified":"2024-07-08T12:00:30.332225+01:00","dateNextReview":"2027-07-04T00:00:00+00:00","description":"Acanthosis nigricans is the term for darkened, thickened patches of skin in the armpit and around the groin and neck. Find out about the main causes and treatments.","genre":["Condition"],"healthAspects":["CausesHealthAspect","DiagnosisHealthAspect","MedicalHelpNonurgentHealthAspect","OverviewHealthAspect","SymptomsHealthAspect","TreatmentsHealthAspect"],"modules":true,"name":"Acanthosis nigricans","type":"ConditionsPage","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/","webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acanthosis-nigricans/"},{"id":19057,"dateFirstPublished":"2017-10-17T16:19:45.586000+01:00","dateModified":"2023-12-12T10:14:58.705271Z","dateNextReview":"2026-12-05T15:00:00+00:00","description":"Read about achalasia, a disorder of the gullet (oesophagus) where it loses the ability to move food along. The valve at the end of the gullet also fails to open.","genre":["Condition"],"healthAspects":[],"modules":false,"name":"Achalasia","type":"ConditionsPage","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/achalasia/","webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/achalasia/"},{"id":19058,"dateFirstPublished":"2018-10-03T20:55:47.121000+01:00","dateModified":"2024-06-10T09:44:38.734060+01:00","dateNextReview":"2027-06-05T17:00:00+00:00","description":"Find out about acid and chemical burns including what causes them, where to get help, how to do first aid, and how they're treated.","genre":["Accident or injury"],"healthAspects":["CausesHealthAspect","MedicalHelpEmergencyHealthAspect","OverviewHealthAspect","SelfCareHealthAspect","TreatmentsHealthAspect"],"modules":true,"name":"Acid and chemical burns","type":"ConditionsPage","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acid-and-chemical-burns/","webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acid-and-chemical-burns/"},{"id":19059,"dateFirstPublished":"2017-10-17T16:44:39.441000+01:00","dateModified":"2024-03-07T16:55:34.372287Z","dateNextReview":"2025-11-29T00:00:00+00:00","description":"An acoustic neuroma is a type of non-cancerous (benign) brain tumour. Find out about the symptoms, treatments and outlook for this condition.","genre":["Condition"],"healthAspects":[],"modules":false,"name":"Acoustic neuroma (vestibular schwannoma)","type":"ConditionsPage","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acoustic-neuroma/","webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acoustic-neuroma/"},{"id":19060,"dateFirstPublished":"2017-10-17T16:17:11.888000+01:00","dateModified":"2023-10-02T09:09:37.217652+01:00","dateNextReview":"2023-10-12T00:00:00+00:00","description":"Find out about acromegaly, a rare condition where the body produces too much growth hormone causing tissue and bone to grow more quickly. Read about symptoms, causes, diagnosis and treatment.","genre":["Condition"],"healthAspects":[],"modules":false,"name":"Acromegaly","type":"ConditionsPage","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acromegaly/","webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acromegaly/"},{"id":19061,"dateFirstPublished":"2018-08-28T17:15:09.650000+01:00","dateModified":"2022-05-30T13:17:41.839104+01:00","dateNextReview":"2025-05-24T00:00:00+00:00","description":"Find out when your urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) should\r\nbe measured. ACR values can help identify kidney disease that occurs as a complication of diabetes.","genre":["Test"],"healthAspects":[],"modules":false,"name":"Urine albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR)","type":"ConditionsPage","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acr-test/","webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acr-test/"},{"id":19062,"dateFirstPublished":"2017-10-17T16:23:05.021000+01:00","dateModified":"2023-07-04T11:02:21.636549+01:00","dateNextReview":"2026-06-14T00:00:00+00:00","description":"Find out more about actinic keratoses, which are patches of skin that have been damaged by the sun.","genre":["Condition"],"healthAspects":["MedicalHelpNonurgentHealthAspect","OverviewHealthAspect","SelfCareHealthAspect","SymptomsHealthAspect","TreatmentsHealthAspect"],"modules":true,"name":"Actinic keratoses (solar keratoses)","type":"ConditionsPage","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/actinic-keratoses/","webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/actinic-keratoses/"},{"id":19063,"dateFirstPublished":"2017-10-17T16:41:00.279000+01:00","dateModified":"2024-05-08T12:35:23.042754+01:00","dateNextReview":"2026-02-28T03:00:00+00:00","description":"Read about acupuncture, a treatment derived from ancient Chinese medicine in which fine needles are inserted at certain sites in the body to relieve or prevent health problems","genre":["Treatment"],"healthAspects":[],"modules":false,"name":"Acupuncture","type":"ConditionsPage","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acupuncture/","webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acupuncture/"},{"id":19064,"dateFirstPublished":"2017-10-17T16:30:37.895000+01:00","dateModified":"2023-12-18T14:58:04.433878Z","dateNextReview":"2026-02-21T01:00:00+00:00","description":"Read about acute cholecystitis, which is inflammation of the gallbladder. It usually occurs when a gallstone blocks the cystic duct.","genre":["Condition"],"healthAspects":[],"modules":false,"name":"Acute cholecystitis","type":"ConditionsPage","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/acute-cholecystitis/","webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acute-cholecystitis/"},{"id":19065,"dateFirstPublished":"2018-10-03T20:55:51.663000+01:00","dateModified":"2022-09-13T15:52:40.239496+01:00","dateNextReview":"2025-09-07T23:00:00+00:00","description":"Acute kidney injury (AKI) is sudden damage to the kidneys that causes them to not work properly. 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ACCESS_DENIED              | API key missing, invalid or expired, or calling application not configured for this operation. |\n| 403         | ACCESS_DENIED              | User cannot perform this action. |\n| 404         | RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND         | Page not found. |\n| 429         | TOO_MANY_REQUESTS          | You have exceeded your application's [rate limit](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/reference-guide#rate-limits). |          \n"}}}},"/conditions":{"parameters":[{"name":"page","in":"query","description":"Page number, used to filter paginated results.","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"1"}},{"name":"category","in":"query","description":"Filters child pages by letters \"A\" to \"Z\".","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"A"}},{"name":"orderBy","in":"query","description":"Works alongside startDate and endDate. Options are \"dateModified\", \"lastReviewed\" and \"nextReview\".","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"lastReviewed"}},{"name":"startDate","in":"query","description":"Earliest date filter, works with orderBy. Format must be YYYY-MM-DD.","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"2020-01-01"}},{"name":"endDate","in":"query","description":"Latest date filter, works with orderBy. Format must be YYYY-MM-DD.","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"2021-01-01"}},{"name":"order","in":"query","description":"Order by \"newest\" or \"oldest\".","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"newest"}},{"name":"synonyms","in":"query","description":"Include multiple listings for pages with more than one name.","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","example":true}}],"get":{"summary":"Get all pages in the Conditions A to Z","operationId":"get-conditions","description":"## Overview\nUse this endpoint to get details of pages in the [Conditions A to Z](https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/).\n\nPassing in no parameters returns all pages under 'conditions'.\n\nThe response is limited to 25 child pages and is paginated.\n\nThere are a number of query parameters that filter the results.\n\n## Ordering by dates\n\nThe `orderBy` parameter can be `dateModified`, `lastReviewed` and `nextReview`. By default if any of the `orderBy` parameters are chosen the results are sorted by newest first.\n\nHowever, the `orderBy` parameter can be used with the `startDate` and `endDate` parameters to filter down to the desired date. `startDate` and `endDate` should be given in the YYYY-MM-DD format.\n\nFor example `https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions?startDate=2022-01-01&orderBy=dateModified`\n","responses":{"200":{"description":"A valid query for the conditions.\n","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"copyrightHolder":{"type":"object","properties":{"name":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"}}},"license":{"type":"string"},"author":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"logo":{"type":"string"},"email":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"about":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"description":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"breadcrumb":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"itemListElement":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"position":{"type":"integer"},"item":{"type":"object","properties":{"@id":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"}}}},"required":["@type","position","item"]}}}},"interactionStatistic":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"interactionService":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"@type":{"type":"string"}},"required":["interactionService","@type"]}},"genre":{"type":"string"},"significantLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"articleStatus":{"type":"string"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"},"datePublished":{"type":"string"},"dateModified":{"type":"string"},"lastReviewed":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"reviewDue":{"type":"string"},"keywords":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"code":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"codeValue":{"type":"string"},"codingSystem":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","codeValue","codingSystem"]}}}},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}},"required":["description","linkRelationship","@type","articleStatus","mainEntityOfPage","url","name"]}},"relatedLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","url","name","description","linkRelationship"]}},"webpage":{"type":"string"}}},"example":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"MedicalWebPage","name":"Conditions A to Z","copyrightHolder":{"name":"Crown Copyright","@type":"Organization"},"license":"https://developer.api.nhs.uk/terms","author":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk","logo":"https://assets.nhs.uk/nhsuk-cms/images/nhs-attribution.width-510.png","email":"nhswebsite.servicedesk@nhs.net","@type":"Organization","name":"NHS website"},"about":{"@type":"WebPage","name":"Conditions A to Z","alternateName":""},"description":"Find out about health conditions, including their symptoms and how they're treated.","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/","genre":[],"keywords":"","dateModified":"2025-04-16T13:49:43+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":0,"item":{"@id":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/","name":"Conditions A to Z","genre":[]}}]},"contentSubTypes":[],"significantLink":[{"description":"Acanthosis nigricans is the term for darkened, thickened patches of skin in the armpit and around the groin and neck. 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Some scabs are flaky while others leak fluid.</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Other symptoms","text":"<p>Before or after the rash appears, you might also get:</p><ul><li>a high temperature</li><li>aches and pains, and generally feeling unwell</li><li>loss of appetite</li></ul><p>Chickenpox is very itchy and can make children feel miserable, even if they do not have many spots.</p><p>The chickenpox spots look the same on children and adults. But adults usually have a high temperature for longer and more spots than children.</p><p>It's possible to get chickenpox more than once, but it's unusual.</p>"}]},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/chickenpox/#self-care","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SelfCareHealthAspect","headline":"How to treat chickenpox at home","description":"Chickenpox usually gets better on its own after 1 to 2 weeks. You can ease symptoms with cooling creams, antihistamines and paracetamol.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Stay off school or work","text":"<p>You'll need to stay away from school, nursery or work until all the spots have formed a scab. This is usually 5 days after the spots appeared.</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Do","text":"<ul><li><p>drink plenty of fluid (try ice lollies if your child is not drinking) to avoid dehydration</p></li><li><p>take <a href=\"/medicines/paracetamol-for-children/\">paracetamol</a> to help with pain and discomfort</p></li><li><p>cut your child's fingernails and put socks on their hands at night to stop them scratching</p></li><li><p>use cooling creams or gels from a pharmacy</p></li><li><p>speak to a pharmacist about using <a href=\"/conditions/antihistamines/\">antihistamine medicine</a> to help itching</p></li><li><p>bathe in cool water and pat the skin dry (do not rub)</p></li><li><p>dress in loose clothes</p></li></ul>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Don't","text":"<ul><li><p>do not use <a href=\"/medicines/ibuprofen-for-children/\">ibuprofen</a> unless advised to do so by a doctor, as it may cause serious skin infections</p></li><li><p>do not give aspirin to children under 16</p></li><li><p>do not go near newborn babies, people who are pregnant and people with a weakened immune system, as chickenpox can be dangerous for them</p></li><li><p>do not scratch the spots, as scratching can cause scarring</p></li></ul>"}]},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/chickenpox/#causes","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/CausesHealthAspect","headline":"It's easy to catch chickenpox","description":"You can catch chickenpox by being in the same room as someone with it. It's also spread by touching things that have fluid from the blisters on them.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"When chickenpox can be spread","text":"<p>You can catch chickenpox by being in the same room as someone with it. It's also spread by touching things that have fluid from the blisters on them.</p><p>You can spread chickenpox to other people from 2 days before your spots appear until they have all formed scabs – usually 5 days after your spots appeared.</p><h3>How soon you get symptoms after catching chickenpox</h3><p>The spots start appearing around 1 to 3 weeks after you caught chickenpox.</p>"}]},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/chickenpox/#overview","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/OverviewHealthAspect","headline":"","description":"Chickenpox is a very contagious infection that causes an itchy, spotty rash. It's common in children but adults can get it too.","hasPart":[{"text":"<p>Symptoms of chickenpox include itchy spots that become blisters, then scabs. It can be anywhere on the body, including in the mouth.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"},{"text":"<p>Chickenpox usually gets better on its own after 1 to 2 weeks. You can ease symptoms with cooling creams, antihistamines and paracetamol.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"},{"text":"<p>You can catch chickenpox by being in the same room as someone with it. It's also spread by touching things that have fluid from the blisters on them.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"}]}],"relatedLink":[{"@type":"LinkRole","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/chickenpox/","linkRelationship":"Navigation","position":0,"name":"Chickenpox"}],"contentSubTypes":[],"mainEntityOfPage":[{"identifier":"0","name":"section heading","position":0,"@type":"WebPageElement","mainEntityOfPage":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p><b>Chickenpox is common and mostly affects children, but you can get it at any age. It usually gets better by itself after 1 to 2 weeks without needing to see a GP.</b></p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":""}],"description":"","hasPart":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p><b>Chickenpox is common and mostly affects children, but you can get it at any age. It usually gets better by itself after 1 to 2 weeks without needing to see a GP.</b></p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":""}]},{"identifier":"0","name":"section heading","position":1,"@type":"WebPageElement","mainEntityOfPage":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>An itchy, spotty rash is the main symptom of chickenpox. It can be anywhere on the body.</p><p>Chickenpox happens in 3 stages. But new spots can appear while others are becoming blisters or forming a scab.</p><p>The spots can:</p><ul><li>be anywhere on the body, including inside the mouth and around the genitals, which can be painful</li><li>spread or stay in a small area</li><li>be red, pink, darker or the same colour as surrounding skin, depending on your skin tone</li><li>be harder to see on brown and black skin</li></ul>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"Stage 1: small spots appear"},{"position":2,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>The spots fill with fluid and become blisters. The blisters are very itchy and may burst.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"Stage 2: the spots become blisters"},{"position":4,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>The spots form a scab. Some scabs are flaky while others leak fluid.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"Stage 3: the blisters become scabs"},{"position":6,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>Before or after the rash appears, you might also get:</p><ul><li>a high temperature</li><li>aches and pains, and generally feeling unwell</li><li>loss of appetite</li></ul><p>Chickenpox is very itchy and can make children feel miserable, even if they do not have many spots.</p><p>The chickenpox spots look the same on children and adults. But adults usually have a high temperature for longer and more spots than children.</p><p>It's possible to get chickenpox more than once, but it's unusual.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"Other symptoms"}],"description":"Symptoms of chickenpox include itchy spots that become blisters, then scabs. It can be anywhere on the body, including in the mouth.","hasPart":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>An itchy, spotty rash is the main symptom of chickenpox. It can be anywhere on the body.</p><p>Chickenpox happens in 3 stages. But new spots can appear while others are becoming blisters or forming a scab.</p><p>The spots can:</p><ul><li>be anywhere on the body, including inside the mouth and around the genitals, which can be painful</li><li>spread or stay in a small area</li><li>be red, pink, darker or the same colour as surrounding skin, depending on your skin tone</li><li>be harder to see on brown and black skin</li></ul>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"Stage 1: small spots appear"},{"position":2,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>The spots fill with fluid and become blisters. The blisters are very itchy and may burst.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"Stage 2: the spots become blisters"},{"position":4,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>The spots form a scab. Some scabs are flaky while others leak fluid.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"Stage 3: the blisters become scabs"},{"position":6,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>Before or after the rash appears, you might also get:</p><ul><li>a high temperature</li><li>aches and pains, and generally feeling unwell</li><li>loss of appetite</li></ul><p>Chickenpox is very itchy and can make children feel miserable, even if they do not have many spots.</p><p>The chickenpox spots look the same on children and adults. But adults usually have a high temperature for longer and more spots than children.</p><p>It's possible to get chickenpox more than once, but it's unusual.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"Other symptoms"}],"hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","headline":"Check if it's chickenpox"},{"identifier":"0","name":"section heading","position":2,"@type":"WebPageElement","mainEntityOfPage":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p><a href=\"/conditions/rashes-babies-and-children/\">Check other rashes in children</a></p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"If you're not sure it's chickenpox"}],"description":"","hasPart":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p><a href=\"/conditions/rashes-babies-and-children/\">Check other rashes in children</a></p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"If you're not sure it's chickenpox"}]},{"identifier":"0","name":"section heading","position":3,"@type":"WebPageElement","mainEntityOfPage":[{"position":0,"@type":"WebPageElement","name":"Callout","identifier":"4","text":"<h3>Stay off school or work</h3><p>You'll need to stay away from school, nursery or work until all the spots have formed a scab. This is usually 5 days after the spots appeared.</p>"},{"position":1,"@type":"WebPageElement","name":"Do/Don't","identifier":"9","text":"<div><h3>Do</h3><ul><li><p>drink plenty of fluid (try ice lollies if your child is not drinking) to avoid dehydration</p></li><li><p>take <a href=\"/medicines/paracetamol-for-children/\">paracetamol</a> to help with pain and discomfort</p></li><li><p>cut your child's fingernails and put socks on their hands at night to stop them scratching</p></li><li><p>use cooling creams or gels from a pharmacy</p></li><li><p>speak to a pharmacist about using <a href=\"/conditions/antihistamines/\">antihistamine medicine</a> to help itching</p></li><li><p>bathe in cool water and pat the skin dry (do not rub)</p></li><li><p>dress in loose clothes</p></li></ul></div>"},{"position":2,"@type":"WebPageElement","name":"Do/Don't","identifier":"9","text":"<div><h3>Don't</h3><ul><li><p>do not use <a href=\"/medicines/ibuprofen-for-children/\">ibuprofen</a> unless advised to do so by a doctor, as it may cause serious skin infections</p></li><li><p>do not give aspirin to children under 16</p></li><li><p>do not go near newborn babies, people who are pregnant and people with a weakened immune system, as chickenpox can be dangerous for them</p></li><li><p>do not scratch the spots, as scratching can cause scarring</p></li></ul></div>"}],"description":"Chickenpox usually gets better on its own after 1 to 2 weeks. You can ease symptoms with cooling creams, antihistamines and paracetamol.","hasPart":[{"position":0,"@type":"WebPageElement","name":"Callout","identifier":"4","text":"<h3>Stay off school or work</h3><p>You'll need to stay away from school, nursery or work until all the spots have formed a scab. This is usually 5 days after the spots appeared.</p>"},{"position":1,"@type":"WebPageElement","name":"Do/Don't","identifier":"9","text":"<div><h3>Do</h3><ul><li><p>drink plenty of fluid (try ice lollies if your child is not drinking) to avoid dehydration</p></li><li><p>take <a href=\"/medicines/paracetamol-for-children/\">paracetamol</a> to help with pain and discomfort</p></li><li><p>cut your child's fingernails and put socks on their hands at night to stop them scratching</p></li><li><p>use cooling creams or gels from a pharmacy</p></li><li><p>speak to a pharmacist about using <a href=\"/conditions/antihistamines/\">antihistamine medicine</a> to help itching</p></li><li><p>bathe in cool water and pat the skin dry (do not rub)</p></li><li><p>dress in loose clothes</p></li></ul></div>"},{"position":2,"@type":"WebPageElement","name":"Do/Don't","identifier":"9","text":"<div><h3>Don't</h3><ul><li><p>do not use <a href=\"/medicines/ibuprofen-for-children/\">ibuprofen</a> unless advised to do so by a doctor, as it may cause serious skin infections</p></li><li><p>do not give aspirin to children under 16</p></li><li><p>do not go near newborn babies, people who are pregnant and people with a weakened immune system, as chickenpox can be dangerous for them</p></li><li><p>do not scratch the spots, as scratching can cause scarring</p></li></ul></div>"}],"hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SelfCareHealthAspect","headline":"How to treat chickenpox at home"},{"identifier":"0","name":"section heading","position":4,"@type":"WebPageElement","mainEntityOfPage":[{"position":0,"@type":"WebPageElement","name":"non-urgent","identifier":"5","text":"<h2>Speak to a GP if:</h2><div class=\"block-richtext\">\n<ul><li>you're not sure it's chickenpox</li><li>you're concerned about your child</li></ul><p>Tell the receptionist you think it might be chickenpox before going in to a GP surgery.</p>\n</div>"}],"description":"","hasPart":[{"position":0,"@type":"WebPageElement","name":"non-urgent","identifier":"5","text":"<h2>Speak to a GP if:</h2><div class=\"block-richtext\">\n<ul><li>you're not sure it's chickenpox</li><li>you're concerned about your child</li></ul><p>Tell the receptionist you think it might be chickenpox before going in to a GP surgery.</p>\n</div>"}]},{"identifier":"0","name":"section heading","position":5,"@type":"WebPageElement","mainEntityOfPage":[{"position":0,"@type":"WebPageElement","name":"urgent","identifier":"5","text":"<h2>Get advice from 111 now if:</h2><div class=\"block-richtext\">\n<ul><li>the skin around the chickenpox blisters is hot, painful and red, but redness may be harder to see on brown or black skin</li><li>your child has chickenpox and is <a href=\"/conditions/dehydration/\">dehydrated</a></li><li>chickenpox symptoms suddenly get worse</li><li>you're pregnant and have not had chickenpox before, or you're not sure, and you've been near someone with chickenpox</li><li>you have a weakened immune system and have been near someone with chickenpox</li><li>you think your newborn baby has chickenpox</li></ul><p>Some people may be able to take medicine to prevent complications. It needs to be started within 24 hours of the spots appearing.</p><p>111 will tell you what to do. They can arrange a phone call from a nurse or doctor if you need one.</p><p>Go to <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/?utm_source=nhsuk&amp;utm_campaign=conditions&amp;utm_content=chickenpox\">111.nhs.uk</a> or call <a href=\"tel:111\">111</a>.</p>\n</div>"}],"description":"","hasPart":[{"position":0,"@type":"WebPageElement","name":"urgent","identifier":"5","text":"<h2>Get advice from 111 now if:</h2><div class=\"block-richtext\">\n<ul><li>the skin around the chickenpox blisters is hot, painful and red, but redness may be harder to see on brown or black skin</li><li>your child has chickenpox and is <a href=\"/conditions/dehydration/\">dehydrated</a></li><li>chickenpox symptoms suddenly get worse</li><li>you're pregnant and have not had chickenpox before, or you're not sure, and you've been near someone with chickenpox</li><li>you have a weakened immune system and have been near someone with chickenpox</li><li>you think your newborn baby has chickenpox</li></ul><p>Some people may be able to take medicine to prevent complications. It needs to be started within 24 hours of the spots appearing.</p><p>111 will tell you what to do. They can arrange a phone call from a nurse or doctor if you need one.</p><p>Go to <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/?utm_source=nhsuk&amp;utm_campaign=conditions&amp;utm_content=chickenpox\">111.nhs.uk</a> or call <a href=\"tel:111\">111</a>.</p>\n</div>"}]},{"identifier":"0","name":"section heading","position":6,"@type":"WebPageElement","mainEntityOfPage":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>You can catch chickenpox by being in the same room as someone with it. It's also spread by touching things that have fluid from the blisters on them.</p><p>You can spread chickenpox to other people from 2 days before your spots appear until they have all formed scabs – usually 5 days after your spots appeared.</p><h3>How soon you get symptoms after catching chickenpox</h3><p>The spots start appearing around 1 to 3 weeks after you caught chickenpox.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"When chickenpox can be spread"}],"description":"You can catch chickenpox by being in the same room as someone with it. It's also spread by touching things that have fluid from the blisters on them.","hasPart":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>You can catch chickenpox by being in the same room as someone with it. It's also spread by touching things that have fluid from the blisters on them.</p><p>You can spread chickenpox to other people from 2 days before your spots appear until they have all formed scabs – usually 5 days after your spots appeared.</p><h3>How soon you get symptoms after catching chickenpox</h3><p>The spots start appearing around 1 to 3 weeks after you caught chickenpox.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":"When chickenpox can be spread"}],"hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/CausesHealthAspect","headline":"It's easy to catch chickenpox"},{"identifier":"0","name":"section heading","position":7,"@type":"WebPageElement","mainEntityOfPage":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>Most people get chickenpox during childhood, so it's rare to get chickenpox when you're pregnant.</p><p>If you do get chickenpox when you're pregnant, there's a small risk of your baby being very ill when it's born.</p><p>Go to <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/?utm_source=nhsuk&amp;utm_campaign=conditions&amp;utm_content=chickenpox\">111.nhs.uk</a> or call <a href=\"tel:111\">111</a> if you have not had chickenpox before and you've been near someone with it.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":""}],"description":"","hasPart":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>Most people get chickenpox during childhood, so it's rare to get chickenpox when you're pregnant.</p><p>If you do get chickenpox when you're pregnant, there's a small risk of your baby being very ill when it's born.</p><p>Go to <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/?utm_source=nhsuk&amp;utm_campaign=conditions&amp;utm_content=chickenpox\">111.nhs.uk</a> or call <a href=\"tel:111\">111</a> if you have not had chickenpox before and you've been near someone with it.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":""}],"headline":"Chickenpox in pregnancy"},{"identifier":"0","name":"section heading","position":8,"@type":"WebPageElement","mainEntityOfPage":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>You can get the <a href=\"/conditions/vaccinations/chickenpox-vaccine/\">chickenpox vaccine</a> on the NHS if there's a risk of harming someone with a weakened immune system if you spread the virus to them.</p><p>For example, a child can be vaccinated if 1 of their parents is having chemotherapy.</p><p>You can also pay for the vaccine at some private clinics or travel clinics. It costs between £120 and £200.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":""}],"description":"","hasPart":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>You can get the <a href=\"/conditions/vaccinations/chickenpox-vaccine/\">chickenpox vaccine</a> on the NHS if there's a risk of harming someone with a weakened immune system if you spread the virus to them.</p><p>For example, a child can be vaccinated if 1 of their parents is having chemotherapy.</p><p>You can also pay for the vaccine at some private clinics or travel clinics. It costs between £120 and £200.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":""}],"headline":"The chickenpox vaccine"},{"identifier":"0","name":"section heading","position":9,"@type":"WebPageElement","mainEntityOfPage":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>You cannot catch shingles from someone with chickenpox.</p><p>You can catch chickenpox from someone with shingles if you have not had chickenpox before.</p><p>When you get chickenpox, the virus stays in your body. The virus can be triggered again if your immune system is weak. This causes shingles.</p><p>This can happen because of stress, certain conditions, or treatments like chemotherapy.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":""}],"description":"","hasPart":[{"position":0,"identifier":"1","text":"<p>You cannot catch shingles from someone with chickenpox.</p><p>You can catch chickenpox from someone with shingles if you have not had chickenpox before.</p><p>When you get chickenpox, the virus stays in your body. The virus can be triggered again if your immune system is weak. This causes shingles.</p><p>This can happen because of stress, certain conditions, or treatments like chemotherapy.</p>","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"markdown","headline":""}],"headline":"Shingles and chickenpox"}],"webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chickenpox/"}}}},"4XX":{"description":"An error occurred as follows:\n\n| HTTP status | Error code                 | Description |\n| ----------- | -------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |\n| 401         | ACCESS_DENIED              | API key missing, invalid or expired, or calling application not configured for this operation. |\n| 403         | ACCESS_DENIED              | User cannot perform this action. |\n| 404         | RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND         | Page not found. |\n| 429         | TOO_MANY_REQUESTS          | You have exceeded your application's [rate limit](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/reference-guide#rate-limits). |\n"}}}},"/symptoms":{"parameters":[{"name":"page","in":"query","description":"Page number, used to filter paginated results.","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"1"}},{"name":"category","in":"query","description":"Filters child pages by letters \"A\" to \"Z\".","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"A"}},{"name":"orderBy","in":"query","description":"Works alongside startDate and endDate. Options are \"dateModified\", \"lastReviewed\" and \"nextReview\".","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"lastReviewed"}},{"name":"startDate","in":"query","description":"Earliest date filter, works with orderBy. Format must be YYYY-MM-DD.","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"2020-01-01"}},{"name":"endDate","in":"query","description":"Latest date filter, works with orderBy. Format must be YYYY-MM-DD.","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"2021-01-01"}},{"name":"order","in":"query","description":"Order by \"newest\" or \"oldest\".","required":false,"schema":{"type":"string","example":"newest"}}],"get":{"summary":"Get all pages in the Symptoms A to Z","operationId":"get-symptoms","description":"## Overview\nUse this endpoint to get details of pages in the [Symptoms A to Z](https://www.nhs.uk/symptoms).\n\nPassing in no parameters returns all pages under 'symptoms'.\n\nThe response is limited to 25 child pages and is paginated.\n\nThere are a number of query parameters that filter the results.\n\n## Ordering by dates\n\nThe `orderBy` parameter can be `dateModified`, `lastReviewed` and `nextReview`. By default if any of the `orderBy` parameters are chosen the results are sorted by newest first.\n\nHowever, the `orderBy` parameter can be used with the `startDate` and `endDate` parameters to filter down to the desired date. `startDate` and `endDate` should be given in the YYYY-MM-DD format.\n\nFor example `https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms?startDate=2022-01-01&orderBy=dateModified`\n","responses":{"200":{"description":"A valid query for symptoms.\n","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"copyrightHolder":{"type":"object","properties":{"name":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"}}},"license":{"type":"string"},"author":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"logo":{"type":"string"},"email":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"about":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"description":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"breadcrumb":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"itemListElement":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"position":{"type":"integer"},"item":{"type":"object","properties":{"@id":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"}}}},"required":["@type","position","item"]}}}},"interactionStatistic":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"interactionService":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"@type":{"type":"string"}},"required":["interactionService","@type"]}},"genre":{"type":"string"},"significantLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"articleStatus":{"type":"string"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"},"datePublished":{"type":"string"},"dateModified":{"type":"string"},"lastReviewed":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"reviewDue":{"type":"string"},"keywords":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"code":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"codeValue":{"type":"string"},"codingSystem":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","codeValue","codingSystem"]}}}},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}},"required":["description","linkRelationship","@type","articleStatus","mainEntityOfPage","url","name"]}},"relatedLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","url","name","description","linkRelationship"]}},"webpage":{"type":"string"}}},"example":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"MedicalWebPage","name":"Symptoms A to Z","copyrightHolder":{"name":"Crown Copyright","@type":"Organization"},"license":"https://developer.api.nhs.uk/terms","author":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk","logo":"https://assets.nhs.uk/nhsuk-cms/images/nhs-attribution.width-510.png","email":"nhswebsite.servicedesk@nhs.net","@type":"Organization","name":"NHS website"},"about":{"@type":"WebPage","name":"Symptoms A to Z","alternateName":""},"description":"Find out about symptoms such as pain, stomach problems or skin symptoms, including causes, treatment and what to do.","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/","genre":[],"keywords":"","dateModified":"2025-04-16T12:23:46+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":0,"item":{"@id":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/symptoms/","name":"Symptoms A to Z","genre":[]}}]},"contentSubTypes":[],"significantLink":[{"description":"Find out what causes anal pain, what you can do 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By default if any of the `orderBy` parameters are chosen the results are sorted by newest first.\n\nHowever, the `orderBy` parameter can be used with the `startDate` and `endDate` parameters to filter down to the desired date. `startDate` and `endDate` should be given in the YYYY-MM-DD format.\n\nFor example `https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines?startDate=2022-01-01&orderBy=dateModified`\n","responses":{"200":{"description":"A valid query for medicines.\n","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"copyrightHolder":{"type":"object","properties":{"name":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"}}},"license":{"type":"string"},"author":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"logo":{"type":"string"},"email":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"about":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"description":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"breadcrumb":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"itemListElement":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"position":{"type":"integer"},"item":{"type":"object","properties":{"@id":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"}}}},"required":["@type","position","item"]}}}},"interactionStatistic":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"interactionService":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"@type":{"type":"string"}},"required":["interactionService","@type"]}},"genre":{"type":"string"},"significantLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"articleStatus":{"type":"string"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"},"datePublished":{"type":"string"},"dateModified":{"type":"string"},"lastReviewed":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"reviewDue":{"type":"string"},"keywords":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"code":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"codeValue":{"type":"string"},"codingSystem":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","codeValue","codingSystem"]}}}},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}},"required":["description","linkRelationship","@type","articleStatus","mainEntityOfPage","url","name"]}},"relatedLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","url","name","description","linkRelationship"]}},"webpage":{"type":"string"}}},"example":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"MedicalWebPage","name":"Medicines 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Find out how adalimumab treats swelling (inflammation), and how to take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T14:52:10+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Alendronic acid","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/alendronic-acid/","description":"NHS medicines information on alendronic acid – what it's used for, side effects, dosage and who can take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":["2021-09-10T14:00:00+00:00","2024-09-10T14:00:00+00:00"],"dateModified":"2022-04-28T13:08:51+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Allopurinol","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/allopurinol/","description":"Find out how allopurinol treats gout and how to take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T14:53:01+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Alogliptin","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/alogliptin/","description":"Brand name: Vipidia. Find out how alogliptin treats type 2 diabetes, and how to take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T14:57:00+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Amitriptyline for depression","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/amitriptyline-for-depression/","description":"NHS medicines information on amitriptyline for depression – how it works, side effects, dosage and who can take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":["2021-09-09T10:00:00+00:00","2024-09-09T10:00:00+00:00"],"dateModified":"2022-12-08T11:00:05+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Amitriptyline for pain and migraine","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/amitriptyline-for-pain/","description":"NHS medicines information on amitriptyline for pain - how it works, side effects, dosage and who can take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":["2020-09-15T23:00:00+00:00","2023-09-15T23:00:00+00:00"],"dateModified":"2022-12-19T11:41:00+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Amlodipine","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/amlodipine/","description":"Brand name: Istin. Find out how amlodipine treats high blood pressure and helps to prevent heart disease, and how to take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T14:58:27+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Amoxicillin","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/amoxicillin/","description":"NHS medicines information on amoxicillin – what it's used for, side effects, dosage and who can take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":["2021-11-12T15:00:00+00:00","2024-11-12T15:00:00+00:00"],"dateModified":"2023-03-17T11:19:20+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Anastrozole","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/anastrozole/","description":"NHS medicines information on anastrozole – what it's used for, side effects, dosage and who can take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":["2021-06-02T10:21:00+00:00","2024-06-02T10:21:00+00:00"],"dateModified":"2022-10-21T10:30:42+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Apixaban","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/apixaban/","description":"Find out how apixaban helps to prevent blood clots and reduces risk of heart attacks and stroke, and how to take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T14:58:54+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Aspirin for pain relief","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/aspirin-for-pain-relief/","description":"Find out more about how aspirin is used for pain relief, and how to take or use it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T14:59:26+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Atenolol","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/","description":"Brand name: Tenormin. Find out how atenolol treats high blood pressure (hypertension), irregular heartbeats (arrhythmia) and angina, and how to take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T15:00:59+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Atorvastatin","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atorvastatin/","description":"Brand name: Lipitor. Find out how atorvastatin treats heart problems and how to take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T15:01:41+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Azathioprine","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/azathioprine/","description":"Find out how azathioprine treats conditions that affect the immune system such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, skin conditions such as lupus, and helps after an organ transplant, and how to take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T15:02:11+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Azithromycin","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/azithromycin/","description":"Brand name: Zithromax. Find out how azithromycin treats infections and how to take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T15:02:43+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Baclofen","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/baclofen/","description":"Brand names: Lioresal, Lyflex. Find out how baclofen relieves muscles spasms and helps manage conditions cerebral palsy, meningitis, motor neurone disease and multiple sclerosis.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T15:03:20+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Beclometasone inhalers","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/beclometasone-inhalers/","description":"Find out how beclometasone inhalers treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and how to use them.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-24T17:14:13+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Beclometasone nasal spray","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/beclometasone-nasal-spray/","description":"Find out how beclometasone nasal spray treats allergic rhinitis including hay fever, and how to take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-17T15:22:23+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Beclometasone skin creams","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/beclometasone-skin-creams/","description":"NHS medicines information on beclometasone skin creams - what they are used for, who can use them, how to apply them, side effects and dosage.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":["2020-06-30T16:10:00+00:00","2023-06-30T16:10:00+00:00"],"dateModified":"2023-03-17T15:40:27+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Beclometasone tablets","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/beclometasone-tablets/","description":"Find out how beclometasone tablets treat ulcerative colitis and how to take them.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T15:04:59+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Bendroflumethiazide","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/bendroflumethiazide/","description":"NHS medicines information on bendroflumethiazide - what it's used for, side effects, dosage and who can take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":["2021-07-27T23:00:00+00:00","2024-07-27T23:00:00+00:00"],"dateModified":"2023-03-15T13:49:23+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Benzoyl peroxide","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/benzoyl-peroxide/","description":"Find out how benzoyl peroxide treats acne and how to use it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":null,"dateModified":"2023-03-15T15:05:25+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}},{"@type":"LinkRole","name":"Benzydamine","articleStatus":"published","linkRelationship":"Result","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/benzydamine/","description":"NHS information on benzydamine - what it's used for, side effects, dosage and who can take it.","mainEntityOfPage":{"genre":["Medicine"],"lastReviewed":["2021-06-10T09:58:00+00:00","2024-06-10T09:58:00+00:00"],"dateModified":"2022-03-08T12:23:59+00:00","@type":"MedicalWebPage"}}],"relatedLink":[{"@type":"LinkRole","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?page=1","name":"First Page","description":"Link to First Page","linkRelationship":"Pagination"},{"@type":"LinkRole","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?page=11","name":"Last Page","description":"Link to Last Page","linkRelationship":"Pagination"},{"@type":"LinkRole","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/","name":"Self","description":"Link to nhs.uk Page","linkRelationship":"Self"},{"@type":"LinkRole","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/?page=2","name":"Next Page","description":"Link to Next Page","linkRelationship":"Pagination"}],"webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/"}}}},"4XX":{"description":"An error occurred as follows:\n\n| HTTP status | Error code                 | Description |\n| ----------- | -------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |\n| 401         | ACCESS_DENIED              | API key missing, invalid or expired, or calling application not configured for this operation. |\n| 403         | ACCESS_DENIED              | User cannot perform this action. |\n| 404         | RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND         | Page not found. |\n| 429         | TOO_MANY_REQUESTS          | You have exceeded your application's [rate limit](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/reference-guide#rate-limits). |\n"}}}},"/medicines/*":{"parameters":[{"name":"modules","in":"query","description":"If topic is modularised, only return these modules.","required":false,"schema":{"type":"boolean","example":true}}],"get":{"summary":"Get specific medicine page","operationId":"get-medicine-page","description":"## Overview\nThere is an endpoint for each page under the Medicines A to Z, for example https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/acrivastine.\n\nThis can be used to get specific information about individual medicines.\n\nThere is only one query parameter for these pages:\n\n| Query parameter   | Description                                                            | Type        |\n| ----------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | ----------- |\n| modules           | If topic is modularised, only return these modules                     | boolean     |\n\n# Modularisation\nWe modularise some of our content, meaning that individual parts of the page can be reused. If a page is modularised, content appears in the `hasPart` field.\n","responses":{"200":{"description":"A valid query for medicines.\n","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"copyrightHolder":{"type":"object","properties":{"name":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"}}},"license":{"type":"string"},"author":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"logo":{"type":"string"},"email":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"about":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"description":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"breadcrumb":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"itemListElement":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"position":{"type":"integer"},"item":{"type":"object","properties":{"@id":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"}}}},"required":["@type","position","item"]}}}},"interactionStatistic":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"interactionService":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"@type":{"type":"string"}},"required":["interactionService","@type"]}},"genre":{"type":"string"},"significantLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"articleStatus":{"type":"string"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"},"datePublished":{"type":"string"},"dateModified":{"type":"string"},"lastReviewed":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"reviewDue":{"type":"string"},"keywords":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"code":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"codeValue":{"type":"string"},"codingSystem":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","codeValue","codingSystem"]}}}},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}},"required":["description","linkRelationship","@type","articleStatus","mainEntityOfPage","url","name"]}},"relatedLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","url","name","description","linkRelationship"]}},"webpage":{"type":"string"}}},"example":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"MedicalWebPage","name":"Atenolol","copyrightHolder":{"name":"Crown Copyright","@type":"Organization"},"license":"https://developer.api.nhs.uk/terms","author":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk","logo":"https://assets.nhs.uk/nhsuk-cms/images/nhs-attribution.width-510.png","email":"nhswebsite.servicedesk@nhs.net","@type":"Organization","name":"NHS website"},"about":{"@type":"WebPage","name":"Atenolol","alternateName":""},"description":"Brand name: Tenormin. 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It can also be given as an injection, but this is usually done in hospital.</p><p>Atenolol can also be mixed with other medicines such as <a href=\"/medicines/nifedipine/\">nifedipine</a> (brand name Tenif). It it's mixed with chlortalidone it's called co-tenidone or by the brand names Tenoret or Tenoertic.</p>"}],"headline":""},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/who-can-and-cannot-take-atenolol/#who-its-for","description":"Most adults and sometimes babies and children can take atenolol. But always check before taking it, as it's not suitable for everyone.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Most adults can take atenolol. It's sometimes prescribed for babies and children.</p><h2>Who may not be able to take atenolol</h2><p>Atenelol is not suitable for everyone. To make sure it's safe for you, tell your doctor before starting atenolol if you:</p><ul><li>have ever had an allergic reaction to atenolol or any other medicine</li><li>have <a href=\"/conditions/low-blood-pressure-hypotension/\">low blood pressure (hypotension)</a> or a slow heart rate</li><li>have <a href=\"/conditions/raynauds/\">Raynaud's phenomenon</a>, which may make your fingers and toes tingle, turn paler than usual or turn blue</li><li>have metabolic acidosis – when there's too much acid in your blood</li><li>have lung disease or <a href=\"/conditions/asthma/\">asthma</a></li><li>are trying to get pregnant, are already pregnant or breastfeeding</li></ul>"}],"headline":"Who can take atenolol"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/how-and-when-to-take-atenolol/#dosage-and-administration","description":"Atenolol comes as tablets or a liquid that you take once or twice a day. Follow the instructions that come with your medicine.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>How much atenolol you take depends on why you need it.</p><p>The usual dose for adults is:</p><ul><li>high blood pressure – 25mg to 50mg, taken once a day</li><li>angina (chest pain) – 100mg, taken once a day, or split into two 50mg doses</li><li>irregular heartbeats (arrhythmia) – 50mg to 100mg, taken once a day</li><li>migraine – 25mg to 100mg, taken twice a day</li></ul><p>For children taking atenolol, your child's doctor will work out the right dose by using their weight and age.</p><h2>How to take it</h2><p>You'll usually take atenolol once or twice a day.</p><p>When you start taking atenolol, your doctor may advise you to take your first dose before bedtime because it can make you feel dizzy. After the first dose, if you do not feel dizzy, you can take your medicine in the morning.</p><p>If you're taking atenolol twice a day, try to have 1 dose in the morning and 1 dose in the evening. It's a good idea to leave 10 to 12 hours between doses if you can.</p><p>Atenolol does not usually upset your stomach, so you can take it with or without food but it's best to do the same each day.</p><p>Swallow the tablets whole with a drink of water. If you find them difficult to swallow, some brands have a score line to help you break the tablet in half. Check the information leaflet for your brand to see if you can do this.</p><p>If you're taking atenolol as a liquid, it will come with a plastic syringe or spoon to help you measure out the right dose. If you do not have one, ask your pharmacist for one. Do not use a kitchen teaspoon as it will not measure the right amount of medicine.</p><h2>How long to take it for</h2><p>This depends on why you're taking atenolol.</p><p>For heart conditions or high blood pressure, treatment is usually long term and may be for the rest of your life.</p><p>For migraines, treatment can last for several months or years, depending on how bad your symptoms are.</p><p>Talk to your doctor if you want to stop taking atenolol. Do not stop taking it suddenly, especially if you have heart disease. This can make your condition worse.</p><p>If you're bothered by side effects, your doctor may be able to prescribe a different medicine instead.</p><h2>If you forget to take it</h2><p>If you forget to take a dose of atenolol, take it as soon as you remember, unless it's nearly time for your next dose. In this case, just skip the missed dose and take your next dose at the usual time.</p><p>Never take 2 doses at the same time. Do not take an extra dose to make up for a forgotten one.</p><p>If you often forget doses, it may help to set an alarm to remind you. You could also ask your pharmacist for advice on other ways to help you remember to take your medicine.</p><h2><b>If you take too much</b></h2><p>The amount of atenolol that can lead to an overdose varies from person to person.</p><p>If you take more than the prescribed dose, your heart rate may slow down and you may find it difficult to breathe. It can also make you feel dizzy.</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","identifier":"urgent","headline":"Contact 111 for advice now if:","text":"<ul>\n<li>\n  you take more than your prescribed dose of atenolol\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n Go to\n <a href=\"http://111.nhs.uk\">\n  111.nhs.uk\n </a>\n or call\n <a href=\"tel:111\">\n  111\n </a>\n</p>\n<p>\n If you need advice for a child under the age of 5 years, call 111.\n</p>\n"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>If you need to go to <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-services/Accident-and-emergency-services/LocationSearch/428\">A&amp;E</a>, do not drive yourself. Get someone else to drive you or call for an ambulance.</p><p>Take the atenolol packet or leaflet inside it, plus any remaining medicine, with you</p>"}],"headline":"Dosage"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/side-effects-of-atenolol/#side-effects","description":"Side effects of atenolol include feeling sleepy, tired or dizzy. More serious side effects can happen in rare cases.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>These common side effects of atenolol happen in more than 1 in 100 people. They're usually mild and only last for a short time. There are things you can do to help cope with them:</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>If this advice does not help and you are bothered by any of these side effects, keep taking the medicine but tell your doctor or pharmacist.</p><h2>Serious side effects</h2><p>It happens rarely, but some people have serious side effects when taking atenolol.</p><p>Tell your doctor or contact 111 now if:</p><ul><li>you have shortness of breath with a cough that gets worse when you exercise (like walking up stairs), swollen ankles or legs, or an irregular heartbeat – these can be signs of heart problems</li><li>you have shortness of breath, wheezing and tightening of your chest – these can be signs of lung problems</li><li>the whites of your eyes turn yellow, or your skin turns yellow, although this may be less obvious on brown or black skin, or you have pale poo or dark pee – these can be signs of liver problems</li><li>you get unexplained bruising, or you bruise more easily than usual – these can be signs of low numbers of platelets in your blood (thrombocytopenia)</li></ul><p>Go to <a href=\"http://111.nhs.uk\">111.nhs.uk</a> or call <a href=\"tel:111\">111</a>.</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","identifier":"immediate","headline":"Call 999 now if:","text":"<ul>\n<li>\n  you get chest pain that does not stop after a few minutes, or is new or worse if you already have angina\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n Chest pain is a possible sign of a heart attack and needs to be checked out as soon as possible.\n</p>\n"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Serious allergic reaction","text":"<p>In rare cases, atenolol may cause a serious allergic reaction (<a href=\"/conditions/anaphylaxis/\">anaphylaxis</a>).</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Other side effects","text":"<p>These are not all the side effects of atenolol. For a full list, see the leaflet inside your medicine packet.</p>"}],"headline":"Common side effects"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/PregnancyHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/pregnancy-breastfeeding-and-fertility-while-taking-atenolol/#pregnancy-and-breastfeeding","description":"Atenolol is not usually taken during pregnancy. It can be taken while breastfeeding if your baby is healthy. Always check with a doctor first.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>It's important to treat <a href=\"/pregnancy/related-conditions/complications/high-blood-pressure/\">high blood pressure</a> during pregnancy. This will help you and your baby to stay healthy.</p><p>Although atenolol can be taken in pregnancy, it's more common to take <a href=\"/medicines/labetalol/\">labetalol</a> (a similar medicine that works in the same way). This is because there is more safety information available for labetalol. Talk to your doctor about which blood pressure medicine is best for you.</p><p>Atenolol can affect the baby's growth in the womb, so you may be offered extra scans to check that your baby is growing OK.</p><p>There's also a small chance that atenolol can affect a baby's blood sugar levels just after birth. Because of this, your baby may have their blood sugar levels monitored in hospital for the first 24 hours to make sure everything's OK before you go home.</p><h2>Atenolol and breastfeeding</h2><p>If your doctor or health visitor says that your baby is healthy, it might be OK to take atenolol while breastfeeding.</p><p>Atenolol passes into breast milk in different amounts, and sometimes these have been quite high. If you're breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed, talk to your doctor or pharmacist as other medicines might be better for you.</p><p>It's important to treat your high blood pressure to keep you well. Breastfeeding will also benefit both you and your baby.</p><p>If your baby's not feeding as well as usual, seems unusually sleepy, seems much paler than usual, or if you have any other concerns about your baby, talk to your doctor, pharmacist, midwife or health visitor.</p><h2>Atenolol and fertility</h2><p>There is no evidence to suggest that atenolol affects fertility in men or women.</p>"}],"headline":"Atenolol and pregnancy"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/InteractionsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/taking-atenolol-with-other-medicines-and-herbal-supplements/#interactions","description":"Taking atenolol with other medicines, herbal remedies, vitamins or supplements can cause problems. Check with a pharmacist or doctor.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There are some medicines that may affect the way atenolol works.</p><p>Tell your doctor if you're taking:</p><ul><li>other medicines for <a href=\"/conditions/high-blood-pressure-hypertension/\">high blood pressure</a> – the combination with atenolol can sometimes lower your blood pressure too much, which may make you feel dizzy or faint</li><li>other medicines for an irregular heartbeat (<a href=\"/conditions/arrhythmia/\">arrhythmia</a>), such as amiodarone or flecainide</li><li>medicines for <a href=\"/conditions/asthma/\">asthma</a> or <a href=\"/conditions/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd/\">chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</a></li><li>medicines for <a href=\"/conditions/diabetes/\">diabetes</a>, particularly insulin – atenolol may make it more difficult to recognise the warning signs of <a href=\"/conditions/low-blood-sugar-hypoglycaemia/\">low blood sugar</a>. Speak to your doctor if you have low blood sugar levels without getting any of the usual warning signs. Check your blood sugar after exercise and follow the usual advice about checking it before driving or operating machinery</li><li>medicines to treat nose or sinus congestion, or other cold remedies (including those you can buy in a pharmacy)</li><li>medicines for allergies, such as ephedrine, noradrenaline or adrenaline</li></ul><h2>Mixing atenolol with herbal remedies and supplements</h2><p>There's not enough information to say that <a href=\"/conditions/herbal-medicines/\">herbal remedies</a> and supplements are safe to take with atenolol. They're not tested in the same way as pharmacy and prescription medicines. They're generally not tested for the effect they have on other medicines.</p>"}],"headline":"Cautions with other medicines"}],"breadcrumb":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":0,"item":{"@id":"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/","name":"Medicines A to Z","genre":[]}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/atenolol/","name":"Atenolol","genre":["Medicine"]}}]},"headline":"Atenolol","dateModified":"2023-03-15T15:00:59+00:00","contentSubTypes":[],"mainEntityOfPage":[{"identifier":"25","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"keylinks","headline":"","text":"","mainEntityOfPage":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"About atenolol","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/about-atenolol/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Who can and cannot take it","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/who-can-and-cannot-take-atenolol/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"How and when to take it","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/how-and-when-to-take-atenolol/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Side effects","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/side-effects-of-atenolol/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Pregnancy, breastfeeding and fertility","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/pregnancy-breastfeeding-and-fertility-while-taking-atenolol/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Taking atenolol with other medicines and herbal supplements","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/taking-atenolol-with-other-medicines-and-herbal-supplements/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Common questions","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/atenolol/common-questions-about-atenolol/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"}]},{"identifier":"27","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"RelatedLinks","headline":"Related conditions","text":"","mainEntityOfPage":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Angina","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/angina/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Arrhythmia","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/arrhythmia/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Heart attack","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/heart-attack/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Heart failure","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/heart-failure/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"High blood pressure (hypertension)","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/high-blood-pressure-hypertension/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Migraine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/migraine/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"}]},{"identifier":"27","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"RelatedLinks","headline":"Useful resources","text":"","mainEntityOfPage":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"HealthUnlocked: atenolol forum","url":"https://healthunlocked.com/tag/atenolol","identifier":"26","text":"healthunlocked.com","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Healthtalk: videos of real stories about heart attack","url":"https://healthtalk.org/heart-attack/overview","identifier":"26","text":"healthtalk.org","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Blood Pressure UK: charity","url":"https://www.bloodpressureuk.org/","identifier":"26","text":"www.bloodpressureuk.org","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"British Heart Foundation: charity","url":"https://www.bhf.org.uk/","identifier":"26","text":"www.bhf.org.uk","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Migraine Trust: charity","url":"https://migrainetrust.org/","identifier":"26","text":"migrainetrust.org","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"NHS Health Check: free health check-up","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/nhs-health-check/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"}]}],"webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/atenolol/"}}}},"4XX":{"description":"An error occurred as follows:\n\n| HTTP status | Error code                 | Description |\n| ----------- | -------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |\n| 401         | ACCESS_DENIED              | API key missing, invalid or expired, or calling application not configured for this operation. |\n| 403         | ACCESS_DENIED              | User cannot perform this action. |\n| 404         | RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND         | Page not found. |\n| 429         | TOO_MANY_REQUESTS          | You have exceeded your application's [rate limit](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/reference-guide#rate-limits). |\n"}}}},"/mental-health":{"get":{"summary":"Get content from the mental health hub","operationId":"get-mental-health","description":"## Overview\n\nThe [mental health hub](https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/) contains a number of navigational and content pages.\n\nThe content of the page is taken from the `mainEntityOfPage` part of the response. This includes the navigational links to child pages.\n\nAt the top level, modularised content of child pages is highlighted by the `hasPart` field. In child pages, only the individual page is shown.\n","responses":{"200":{"description":"A valid query for the mental health hub.\n","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"copyrightHolder":{"type":"object","properties":{"name":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"}}},"license":{"type":"string"},"author":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"logo":{"type":"string"},"email":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"about":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"description":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"breadcrumb":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"itemListElement":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"position":{"type":"integer"},"item":{"type":"object","properties":{"@id":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"}}}},"required":["@type","position","item"]}}}},"interactionStatistic":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"interactionService":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"@type":{"type":"string"}},"required":["interactionService","@type"]}},"genre":{"type":"string"},"significantLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"articleStatus":{"type":"string"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"},"datePublished":{"type":"string"},"dateModified":{"type":"string"},"lastReviewed":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"reviewDue":{"type":"string"},"keywords":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"code":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"codeValue":{"type":"string"},"codingSystem":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","codeValue","codingSystem"]}}}},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}},"required":["description","linkRelationship","@type","articleStatus","mainEntityOfPage","url","name"]}},"relatedLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","url","name","description","linkRelationship"]}},"webpage":{"type":"string"}}},"example":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"MedicalWebPage","name":"Mental health","copyrightHolder":{"name":"Crown Copyright","@type":"Organization"},"license":"https://developer.api.nhs.uk/terms","author":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk","logo":"https://assets.nhs.uk/nhsuk-cms/images/nhs-attribution.width-510.png","email":"nhswebsite.servicedesk@nhs.net","@type":"Organization","name":"NHS website"},"about":{"@type":"WebPage","name":"Mental health","alternateName":""},"description":"Find information and support for your mental health.","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/","genre":[],"keywords":"","hasPart":[{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/overview/#symptoms","description":"The main symptoms of psychosis are hallucinations and delusions.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The 2 main symptoms of psychosis are:</p><ul><li><a href=\"/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/feelings-and-symptoms/hallucinations-hearing-voices/\">hallucinations</a> – where a person hears, sees and, in some cases, feels, smells or tastes things that do not exist outside their mind but can feel very real to the person affected by them; a common hallucination is hearing voices</li><li>delusions – where a person has strong beliefs that are not shared by others; a common delusion is someone believing there's a conspiracy to harm them</li></ul><p>The combination of hallucinations and delusional thinking can cause severe distress and a change in behaviour.</p><p>Experiencing the symptoms of psychosis is often referred to as having a psychotic episode.</p>"}],"headline":"Symptoms of psychosis"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/CausesHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/overview/#causes","description":"Common causes of psychosis include mental health conditions like schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>It's sometimes possible to identify the cause of psychosis as a specific mental health condition, such as:</p><ul><li><a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/overview/\">schizophrenia</a> – a condition that causes a range of psychological symptoms, including hallucinations and delusions</li><li><a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/bipolar-disorder/overview/\">bipolar disorder</a> – a mental health condition that affects mood; a person with bipolar disorder can have episodes of low mood <a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/clinical-depression/overview/\">(depression)</a> and highs or elated mood (mania)</li><li>severe depression – some people with depression also have symptoms of psychosis when they're very depressed</li></ul><p>Psychosis can also be triggered by:</p><ul><li>a traumatic experience</li><li>stress</li><li><a href=\"/live-well/addiction-support/drug-addiction-getting-help/\">drug misuse</a></li><li><a href=\"/live-well/alcohol-advice/\">alcohol misuse</a></li><li>side effects of prescribed medicine</li><li>a physical condition, such as a <a href=\"/conditions/malignant-brain-tumour/\">brain tumour</a></li></ul><p>How often a psychotic episode occurs and how long it lasts can depend on the underlying cause.</p>"}],"headline":"Causes of psychosis"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/TreatmentsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/psychosis/overview/#medical-treatments","description":"Common treatments for psychosis include antipsychotic medicines, talking therapies and social support.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Treatment for psychosis involves using a combination of:</p><ul><li>antipsychotic medicine – which can help relieve the symptoms of psychosis</li><li>talking therapies – the 1-to-1 talking therapy <a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/overview/\">cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)</a> has proved successful in helping people with psychosis, and family interventions (a form of therapy that may involve partners, family members and close friends) have been shown to reduce the need for hospital treatment in people with psychosis</li><li>social support – support with social needs, such as education, employment or accommodation</li></ul><p>Some people are recommended to take antipsychotics on a long-term basis (and possibly for the rest of their lives). Other people may be able to gradually reduce their dosage and then stop taking them altogether if there is a marked improvement in symptoms.</p><p>Do not stop suddenly taking any prescribed medicines as this could trigger a relapse of your symptoms.</p><p>If a person's psychotic episodes are severe, they may need to be admitted to a psychiatric hospital for treatment.</p>"}],"headline":"Treating psychosis"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/anorexia/overview/#symptoms","description":"Symptoms of anorexia include believing you're fat when you're a healthy weight or underweight, eating very little or missing meals.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Signs and symptoms of anorexia include:</p><ul><li>if you're under 18, your weight and height being lower than expected for your age</li><li>if you're an adult, having an unusually low <a href=\"/live-well/healthy-weight/bmi-calculator/\">body mass index (BMI)</a></li><li>missing meals, eating very little or avoiding eating any foods you see as fattening</li><li>believing you're fat when you're a healthy weight or underweight</li><li>taking medicine to reduce your hunger (appetite suppressants)</li><li>your periods stopping (in women who have not reached menopause) or not starting (in younger women and girls)</li><li>physical problems, such as feeling <a href=\"/conditions/dizziness/\">lightheaded or dizzy</a>, <a href=\"/conditions/hair-loss/\">hair loss</a> or dry skin</li></ul><p>Some people with anorexia may also make themselves sick, do an extreme amount of exercise, or use <a href=\"/conditions/laxatives/\">medicine to help them poo (laxatives)</a> or to make them pee (diuretics) to try to stop themselves gaining weight from any food they do eat.</p>"}],"headline":"Signs and symptoms of anorexia"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/TreatmentsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/anorexia/overview/#medical-treatments","description":"Anorexia is usually treated with talking therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You can recover from anorexia, but it may take time and recovery will be different for everyone.</p><p>Your treatment plan will be tailored to you and should consider any other support you might need, such as for depression or anxiety.</p><p>If you're over 18, you should be offered a type of talking therapy to help you manage your feelings about food and eating so that you are able to eat enough to be healthy. Talking therapies that are commonly used to treat anorexia in adults include:</p><ul><li><a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/overview/\">cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)</a></li><li>Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA)</li><li>specialist supportive clinical management (SSCM)</li></ul><p>If you're under 18, you should be offered family therapy. You may also be offered another type of talking therapy, such as CBT or adolescent-focused psychotherapy.</p>"}],"headline":"Treatment for anorexia"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/generalised-anxiety-disorder/overview/#symptoms","description":"Symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder vary from person to person, but include constant worrying, a sense of fear and difficulty concentrating.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>GAD can cause both psychological (mental) and physical symptoms.</p><p>These vary from person to person, but can include:</p><ul><li>feeling restless or worried</li><li>having trouble concentrating or sleeping</li><li><a href=\"/conditions/dizziness/\">dizziness</a> or <a href=\"/conditions/heart-palpitations/\">heart palpitations</a></li></ul>"}],"headline":"Symptoms of generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/TreatmentsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/generalised-anxiety-disorder/overview/#medical-treatments","description":"Exercising more and talking to someone you trust can help with generalised anxiety disorder. Treatments include talking therapies and medicines.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>GAD can have a significant effect on your daily life, but several different treatments are available that can ease your symptoms.</p><p>These include:</p><ul><li>talking therapies – you can get talking therapies like <a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/overview/\">cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)</a> on the NHS; you do not need a referral from a GP and you can refer yourself for talking therapies service in your area – <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/mental-health/find-a-psychological-therapies-service/\">read more about how to find an NHS talking therapies service</a></li><li>medication – such as a type of antidepressant called <a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/ssri-antidepressants/overview/\">selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</a></li></ul><p>With treatment, many people are able to control their anxiety levels. But some treatments may need to be continued for a long time and there may be periods when your symptoms worsen.</p>"}],"headline":"How generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is treated"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SelfCareHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/generalised-anxiety-disorder/overview/#self-care","description":"Things like exercising more and talking to someone you trust can help with GAD. Treatments include talking therapies and medicines.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There are also many things you can do yourself to help reduce your anxiety, such as: </p><ul><li>going on a self-help course</li><li>exercising regularly</li><li>stopping smoking</li><li>looking after your physical health</li></ul>"}],"headline":"Self-help for generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/bipolar-disorder/overview/#symptoms","description":"The main symptoms of bipolar disorder are episodes of extreme highs and lows, which can last for several weeks.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>People with bipolar disorder have episodes of:</p><ul><li>depression – feeling very low and lethargic</li><li>mania – feeling very high and overactive</li></ul><p><a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms/\">Symptoms of bipolar disorder</a> depend on which mood you're experiencing.</p><p>Unlike simple mood swings, each extreme episode of bipolar disorder can last for several weeks (or even longer).</p>"}],"headline":"Symptoms of bipolar disorder"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/TreatmentsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/bipolar-disorder/overview/#medical-treatments","description":"Treatments for bipolar disorder include medicines and talking therapies.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The high and low phases of bipolar disorder are often so extreme that they interfere with everyday life.</p><p>But there are several options for <a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/bipolar-disorder/treatment/\">treating bipolar disorder</a> that can make a difference.</p><p>They aim to control the effects of an episode and help someone with bipolar disorder live life as normally as possible.</p><p>The following treatment options are available:</p><ul><li>medicine to prevent episodes of mania and depression – these are known as mood stabilisers, and you take them every day on a long-term basis</li><li>medicine to treat the main symptoms of depression and mania when they happen</li><li>learning to recognise the triggers and signs of an episode of depression or mania</li><li>psychological treatment – such as talking therapy, which can help you deal with depression, and provides advice about how to improve your relationships</li><li>lifestyle advice – such as doing regular exercise, planning activities you enjoy that give you a sense of achievement, as well as advice on improving your diet and getting more sleep</li></ul><p>It's thought using a combination of different treatment methods is the best way to control bipolar disorder.</p><p>Help and advice for people with a long-term condition or their carers is also available from charities, support groups and associations.</p><p>This includes self-help and learning to deal with the practical aspects of a long-term condition.</p>"}],"headline":"Treatments for bipolar disorder"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/overview/#symptoms","description":"Symptoms of schizophrenia include hearing voices or seeing things that are not real, unusual beliefs and confused thinking.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Symptoms of schizophrenia include: </p><ul><li><a href=\"/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/feelings-and-symptoms/hallucinations-hearing-voices/\">hallucinations</a> – hearing or seeing things that do not exist outside of the mind</li><li>delusions – unusual beliefs not based on reality</li><li>muddled thoughts based on hallucinations or delusions</li><li>losing interest in everyday activities</li><li>not caring about your personal hygiene</li><li>wanting to avoid people, including friends</li></ul><p>Schizophrenia does not cause someone to be violent and people with schizophrenia do not have a split personality.</p>"}],"headline":""},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/TreatmentsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/schizophrenia/overview/#medical-treatments","description":"Schizophrenia is usually treated with a combination of talking therapies and medicine.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Schizophrenia is usually treated with a combination of medicine and therapy tailored to each individual.</p><p>In most cases, this will be antipsychotic medicines and <a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/\">cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)</a>.</p><p>People with schizophrenia usually receive help from a community mental health team, which offers day-to-day support and treatment.</p><p>Many people recover from schizophrenia, although they may have periods when symptoms return (relapses).</p><p>Support and treatment can help reduce the impact the condition has on daily life.</p>"}],"headline":"Treating schizophrenia"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/overview/#symptoms","description":"Symptoms of borderline personality include being emotionally unstable, having upsetting thoughts and acting without thinking.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The symptoms of BPD can be grouped into 4 main areas:</p><ul><li>emotional instability – the psychological term for this is affective dysregulation</li><li>disturbed patterns of thinking or perception – cognitive distortions or perceptual distortions</li><li>impulsive behaviour</li><li>intense but unstable relationships with others</li></ul><p>The symptoms of a personality disorder may range from mild to severe and usually emerge in adolescence, persisting into adulthood.</p>"}],"headline":"Symptoms of borderline personality disorder (BPD)"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/CausesHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/overview/#causes","description":"The cause of borderline personality disorder is unclear. It's been linked to traumatic events during childhood, such as neglect or abuse.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The causes of BPD are unclear. BPD appears to result from a combination of genetic and environmental factors.</p><p>People with BPD come from many different backgrounds, but most will have experienced some kind of trauma or neglect as children.</p>"}],"headline":"Causes of borderline personality disorder (BPD)"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/TreatmentsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/borderline-personality-disorder/overview/#medical-treatments","description":"The main treatment for borderline personality disorder is a type of talking therapy called psychotherapy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Many people with BPD can benefit from psychological or medical treatment.</p><p>Treatment may involve a range of individual and group psychological therapies <a href=\"/conditions/psychotherapy/\">(psychotherapy)</a> carried out by trained professionals working with a community mental health team (CMHT).</p><p>Effective treatment may last more than a year.</p><p>Over time, many people with BPD overcome their symptoms and recover. Additional treatment is recommended for people whose symptoms return.</p>"}],"headline":"Treating borderline personality disorder (BPD)"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/clinical-depression/overview/#symptoms","description":"Symptoms of depression include feeling unhappy or hopeless, low self-esteem and finding no pleasure in things you usually enjoy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Depression affects people in different ways and can cause a wide variety of symptoms.</p><p>They range from lasting feelings of unhappiness and hopelessness, to losing interest in the things you used to enjoy and feeling very tearful. Many people with depression also have <a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/generalised-anxiety-disorder/symptoms/\">symptoms of anxiety</a>.</p><p>There can be physical symptoms too, such as feeling constantly tired, sleeping badly, having no appetite or sex drive, and various aches and pains.</p><p>The <a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/clinical-depression/symptoms/\">symptoms of depression</a> range from mild to severe. At its mildest, you may simply feel persistently low in spirit, while severe depression can make you feel suicidal, that life is no longer worth living.</p><p>Most people experience feelings of <a href=\"/mental-health/feelings-symptoms-behaviours/feelings-and-symptoms/\">stress, anxiety or low mood</a> during difficult times. A low mood may improve after a short period of time, rather than being a sign of depression.</p>"}],"headline":"How to tell if you have depression"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/CausesHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/clinical-depression/overview/#causes","description":"Many things can cause depression such as stressful events, personality, family history and giving birth.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Sometimes there's a trigger for depression. Life-changing events, such as bereavement, losing your job or giving birth, can bring it on.</p><p>People with a family history of depression are more likely to experience it themselves. But you can also become depressed for no obvious reason.</p><p><a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/clinical-depression/causes/\">Read more about the causes of depression</a></p>"}],"headline":"What causes depression?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/TreatmentsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/clinical-depression/overview/#medical-treatments","description":"Treatment for depression usually involves a combination of lifestyle changes, talking therapies and medicines.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Treatment for depression can involve a combination of lifestyle changes, talking therapies and medicine. Your recommended treatment will be based on whether you have mild, moderate or severe depression.</p><p>If you have mild depression, your doctor may suggest waiting to see whether it improves on its own, while monitoring your progress. This is known as \"watchful waiting\". They may also suggest lifestyle measures such as <a href=\"/mental-health/self-help/guides-tools-and-activities/exercise-for-depression/\">exercise</a> and self-help groups.</p><p>Talking therapies, such as <a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/overview/\">cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)</a>, are often used for mild depression that is not improving, or moderate depression. <a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/antidepressants/overview/\">Antidepressants</a> are also sometimes prescribed.</p><p>For moderate to severe depression, a combination of talking therapy and antidepressants is often recommended. If you have severe depression, you may be referred to a specialist mental health team for intensive specialist talking treatments and prescribed medicine.</p>"}],"headline":"Treating depression"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SelfCareHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/clinical-depression/overview/#self-care","description":"Treatment for depression usually involves a combination of lifestyle changes, talking therapies and medicines.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Many people with depression benefit by making lifestyle changes, such as getting more <a>exercise</a>, cutting down on <a>alcohol</a>, <a>giving up smoking</a> and <a>eating healthily</a>.</p><p>Reading a self-help book or joining a support group are also worthwhile. They can help you gain a better understanding about what causes you to feel depressed. Sharing your experiences with others in a similar situation can also be very supportive.</p>"}],"headline":"Living with depression"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/phobias/overview/#symptoms","description":"Common symptoms of a phobia are anxiety and panic when you come into contact with the cause of your phobia.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>A phobia is a type of <a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/generalised-anxiety-disorder/overview/\">anxiety disorder</a>. You may not experience any symptoms until you come into contact with the source of your phobia.</p><p>But in some cases, even thinking about the source of a phobia can make a person feel anxious or panicky. This is known as anticipatory anxiety.</p><p>Symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>unsteadiness, dizziness and lightheadedness</li><li>nausea</li><li>sweating</li><li>increased heart rate or <a href=\"/conditions/heart-palpitations/\">palpitations</a></li><li>shortness of breath</li><li>trembling or shaking</li><li>an upset stomach</li></ul><p>If you do not come into contact with the source of your phobia very often, it may not affect your everyday life.</p><p>But if you have a complex phobia, such as <a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/agoraphobia/overview/\">agoraphobia</a>, leading a normal life may be very difficult.</p>"}],"headline":"Phobia symptoms"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/TreatmentsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/phobias/overview/#medical-treatments","description":"Treatments for phobias include talking therapies, such as cognitive behavioural therapy, and sometimes medicines.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Most phobias can be treated successfully.</p><p>Simple phobias can be treated through gradual exposure to the object, animal, place or situation that causes fear and anxiety. This is known as desensitisation or self-exposure therapy.</p><p>You could try these methods with the help of a professional or as part of a <a href=\"/mental-health/conditions/phobias/self-help/\">self-help programme</a>.</p><p>Treating complex phobias often takes longer and involves talking therapies, such as:</p><ul><li><a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/counselling/\">counselling</a></li><li><a href=\"/conditions/psychotherapy/\">psychotherapy</a></li><li><a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/overview/\">cognitive behavioural therapy</a></li></ul><p>Medication may be prescribed to help with anxiety caused by certain phobias.</p><p>Medicines that may be used include:</p><ul><li><a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/antidepressants/overview/\">antidepressants</a></li><li>tranquillisers</li><li><a href=\"/conditions/beta-blockers/\">beta blockers</a></li></ul>"}],"headline":"Treating phobias"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/overview/#symptoms","description":"Symptoms of postnatal depression include constant sadness, lack of energy and finding it difficult to look after yourself and your baby.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Many women feel a bit down, tearful or anxious in the first week after giving birth.</p><p>This is often called the \"<a href=\"/conditions/baby/support-and-services/feeling-depressed-after-childbirth/\">baby blues</a>\" and is so common that it's considered normal.</p><p>The \"baby blues\" do not last for more than 2 weeks after giving birth.</p><p>If your symptoms last longer or start later, you could have postnatal depression.</p><p>Postnatal depression can start any time in the first year after giving birth.</p><p>Signs that you or someone you know might be depressed include:</p><ul><li>a persistent feeling of sadness and low mood</li><li>lack of enjoyment and loss of interest in the wider world</li><li>lack of energy and feeling tired all the time</li><li>trouble sleeping at night and feeling sleepy during the day</li><li>finding it difficult to look after yourself and your baby</li><li>withdrawing from contact with other people</li><li>problems concentrating and making decisions</li><li>frightening thoughts – for example, about hurting your baby</li></ul><p>Many women do not realise they have postnatal depression because it can develop gradually.</p>"}],"headline":"Symptoms of postnatal depression"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/TreatmentsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/overview/#medical-treatments","description":"Talking to friends and family and taking time to relax may help with postnatal depression. Some people need talking therapy or medicines.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Postnatal depression can be lonely, distressing and frightening, but support and effective treatments are available.</p><p>These include:</p><ul><li>self-help – things you can try yourself include talking to your family and friends about your feelings and what they can do to help, making time for yourself to do things you enjoy, resting whenever you get the chance, getting as much sleep as you can at night, <a href=\"/live-well/exercise/\">exercising regularly</a>, and eating a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/\">healthy diet</a></li><li>talking therapy – a GP may be able to recommend a self-help course or may refer you for a course of therapy, such as <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/overview/\">cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/antidepressants/overview/\">antidepressants</a> – these may be recommended if your depression is more severe or other treatments have not helped; your doctor can prescribe a medicine that's safe to take while breastfeeding</li></ul>"}],"headline":"Treatments for postnatal depression"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/CausesHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/overview/#causes","description":"There are a number of things that can lead to postnatal depression including having mental health problems, such as depression, earlier in life.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The cause of postnatal depression is not completely clear.</p><p>There are a number of things that may make you more likely to have postnatal depression. These include:</p><ul><li>a history of mental health problems, particularly depression, earlier in life</li><li>a history of mental health problems during pregnancy</li><li>having no close family or friends to support you</li><li>a difficult relationship with your partner</li><li>recent stressful life events, such as a bereavement</li><li>physical or psychological trauma, such as domestic violence</li></ul><p>Even if you do not have any of these, having a baby is a life-changing event that can sometimes trigger depression.</p><p>It often takes time to adapt to becoming a new parent. Looking after a baby can be stressful and exhausting.</p>"}],"headline":"Causes of postnatal depression"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/PreventionHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/overview/#prevention","description":"Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and having someone you can talk to and turn to for support can help you keep well during pregnancy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There are things you can do during pregnancy to help you keep well, such as maintaining a healthy lifestyle and having someone you can talk to and turn to for support.</p><p>Going to antenatal classes and making friends with other pregnant women or new parents can also be helpful.</p><p>If you are pregnant or thinking about getting pregnant, talk to a GP or your mental health team if:</p><ul><li>you have a history of depression or mental health problems</li><li>someone in your family has had mental health problems after childbirth (for example, your mother or sister)</li></ul><p>This is so they can offer you appropriate treatment.</p><p>You can also talk to a midwife, who can support you or refer you to specialist mental health services if needed. If you have had a mental health problem while pregnant, your doctor should arrange for you to be seen regularly in the first few weeks after birth.</p><p>The mental health team, maternity team and GP will work closely with you during your pregnancy and after you have given birth.</p>"}],"headline":"Preventing postnatal depression"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SelfCareHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/post-natal-depression/treatment/#self-care","description":"Things you can do, such as resting and relaxing whenever you can, may help with postnatal depression. Some people need talking therapy or medicines.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Looking after a baby can be stressful and challenging for anyone, and it can be even tougher if you're dealing with postnatal depression as well.</p><p>There are a number of things you can try yourself to improve your symptoms and help you cope.</p><p>These include:</p><ul><li>talking to your partner, friends and family – try to help them understand how you're feeling and what they can do to support you</li><li>not trying to be a \"supermum\" – accept help from others when it's offered and ask your loved ones if they can help look after the baby and do tasks such as housework, cooking and shopping</li><li>making time for yourself – try to do activities that you find relaxing and enjoyable, such as going for a walk, listening to music, reading a book or having a warm bath</li><li>resting when you can – although it can be difficult when you're looking after a baby, try to sleep whenever you get the chance, follow <a href=\"/conditions/insomnia/\">good sleeping habits</a> and ask your partner to help with the night-time work</li><li><a href=\"/live-well/exercise/\">exercising regularly to boost your mood</a></li><li>eating regular, <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/\">healthy meals</a> and not going for long periods without eating</li><li>not drinking <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/alcohol-support/\">alcohol</a> or taking drugs, as this can make you feel worse</li></ul><p>Ask your health visitor about support services in your area. They may be able to put you in touch with a social worker, counsellor or local support group.</p><p>It can be reassuring to meet other women who are going through something similar.</p>"}],"headline":"Self-help for postnatal depression"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/overview/#symptoms","description":"The main symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder are unpleasant thoughts and repetitive behaviours that you cannot control.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>If you have OCD, you'll usually experience frequent obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours.</p><ul><li>An obsession is an unwanted and unpleasant thought, image or urge that repeatedly enters your mind, causing feelings of anxiety, disgust or unease.</li><li>A compulsion is a repetitive behaviour or mental act that you feel you need to do to temporarily relieve the unpleasant feelings brought on by the obsessive thought.</li></ul><p>For example, someone with an obsessive fear of being burgled may feel they need to check all the windows and doors are locked several times before they can leave their house.</p><p>Women can sometimes have OCD during pregnancy or after their baby is born. Obsessions may include worrying about harming the baby or not sterilising feeding bottles properly. Compulsions could be things such as repeatedly checking the baby is breathing.</p>"}],"headline":"Symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/TreatmentsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-ocd/overview/#medical-treatments","description":"Obsessive compulsive disorder is usually treated with talking therapies. Medicines may help if your symptoms are severe.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There are some effective treatments for OCD that can help reduce the impact it has on your life.</p><p>The main treatments are:</p><ul><li>talking therapy – usually <a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/talking-therapies-and-counselling/cognitive-behavioural-therapy-cbt/overview/\">cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)</a>, which helps you face your fears and obsessive thoughts without \"putting them right\" through compulsions</li><li>medicine – usually a type of antidepressant medicine called <a href=\"/mental-health/talking-therapies-medicine-treatments/medicines-and-psychiatry/ssri-antidepressants/overview/\">selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)</a>, which can help by altering the balance of chemicals in your brain</li></ul><p>CBT will usually have an effect quite quickly. It can take several months before you notice the effects of treatment with SSRIs, but most people will eventually benefit.</p><p>If these treatments do not help, you may be offered an alternative SSRI or be given a combination of an SSRI and CBT.</p><p>Some people may be referred to a specialist mental health service for further treatment.</p>"}],"headline":"Treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SymptomsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/overview/#symptoms","description":"Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder include flashbacks, nightmares, feeling very anxious and difficulty sleeping.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Someone with PTSD often relives the traumatic event through nightmares and flashbacks, and may experience feelings of isolation, irritability and guilt.</p><p>They may also have problems sleeping, such as <a href=\"/conditions/insomnia/\">insomnia</a>, and find concentrating difficult.</p><p>These symptoms are often severe and persistent enough to have a significant impact on the person's day-to-day life.</p>"}],"headline":"Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/CausesHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/mental-health/conditions/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-ptsd/overview/#causes","description":"Any situation that a person finds traumatic can cause post-traumatic stress disorder. 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The patch may not work properly to stop you getting pregnant.</p><p>You may need to use another type of contraception.</p><p>Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice before using the contraceptive patch if you take medicine to treat TB (tuberculosis), epilepsy or HIV.</p><p>You should also ask for advice if you take griseofulvin (an antifungal medicine), lamotrigine (a mood stabiliser), bosentan (a high blood pressure medicine) or St John's wort (a herbal remedy).</p>"}],"headline":"Medicines and herbal remedies that affect the contraceptive patch"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-patch/side-effects-and-risks/#side-effects","description":"Using the contraceptive patch can change your periods and you may get bleeding between periods. This often improves after a few months.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You may have some side effects when you first start using the contraceptive patch.</p><p>Bleeding between periods (breakthrough bleeding) or changes to your periods are common in the first few months.</p><p>Using the contraceptive patch can cause <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/high-blood-pressure-hypertension/\">high blood pressure</a> in a small number of people.</p><p>Some people have headaches, feel sick or dizzy, or have sore breasts. But there is not enough evidence to say whether this is caused by using the patch.</p><p>For some people the patch improves period pain and other symptoms linked to periods, such as headaches.</p><p>There is no evidence that using the patch makes you put on weight or changes your sex drive.</p><p>If you have side effects 3 months after starting the patch and they’re a problem for you, trying another type of contraception may help. Staff at a sexual health clinic or a GP can discuss this with you.</p>"}],"headline":"Common side effects of the contraceptive patch"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/RisksOrComplicationsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-patch/side-effects-and-risks/#complications","description":"Using the contraceptive patch is linked with a very small risk of problems like blood clots. A doctor will check your risk before they prescribe it.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There are some risks linked to using the contraceptive patch. But the chance of getting these is small.</p><h3>Blood clots</h3><p>The risk of getting a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blood-clots/\">blood clot</a> is very small and affects up to 1 in 1,000 people using combined hormonal contraception like the patch.</p><p>Your doctor will check if you have certain risk factors before prescribing the patch.</p><p>There is a small risk of:</p><ul><li>getting a blood clot in your leg or lung</li><li>a blood clot causing a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-attack/\">heart attack</a></li><li>a blood clot causing a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stroke/\">stroke</a></li></ul><h3>Cancer</h3><p>Using the patch can slightly increase your risk of getting:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer/\">breast cancer</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cervical-cancer/\">cervical cancer</a></li></ul><p>But your risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer goes back to normal 10 years after you stop using the patch.</p><p>Using the patch can also lower your risk of getting:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/womb-cancer/\">womb (uterus) cancer</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ovarian-cancer/\">ovarian cancer</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bowel-cancer/\">bowel cancer</a></li></ul>"}],"headline":"Risks of the contraceptive patch"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vaginal-ring/where-to-get-it/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get the vaginal ring for free on the NHS from sexual health clinics, some GP surgeries and young people's services.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS.</p><p>You can get the vaginal ring from:</p><ul><li>sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>some GP surgeries</li><li>some young people’s services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li></ul>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice/","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}}],"headline":"Getting the vaginal ring"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vaginal-ring/who-can-use-it/#who-its-for","description":"A vaginal ring is not suitable for everyone. A doctor or nurse can discuss this with you. A ring may not be recommended if you’re breastfeeding.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The vaginal ring is not suitable for everyone.</p><p>You may not be able to use it if you’re living with obesity, or you’re aged 35 or over and you smoke.</p><p>The ring may not be suitable if you have ever had:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blood-clots/\">blood clots</a>, or a family member has had blood clots under the age of 45</li><li>narrowed or blocked arteries, or you’ve had a stroke</li><li>a heart problem, heart disease, or high blood pressure</li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/migraine/\">migraines</a> with warning signs called aura</li><li>breast cancer</li><li>gallbladder or bile duct problems</li><li>liver cancer or severe <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cirrhosis/\">cirrhosis</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes/\">diabetes</a></li></ul><p>If you have any of these health conditions, talk to a doctor, nurse or pharmacist about whether it’s safe for you to use the vaginal ring.</p><h3>Using the vaginal ring after giving birth</h3><p>You can start using the vaginal ring on day 21 after giving birth.</p><p>If you choose to start using the ring after this date, you should use another method of contraception, such as condoms, for 7 days after starting the ring.</p><p>Avoid using the vaginal ring if you’re breastfeeding as it can reduce your milk supply.</p><h3>Using the vaginal ring after a miscarriage or abortion</h3><p>If you had a miscarriage or abortion before 24 weeks of pregnancy, you should be able to start using a vaginal ring as soon as you want to.</p><p>If you had a miscarriage or abortion after 24 weeks you may be advised to wait 21 days before using a ring. A doctor or pharmacist can give you more information.</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Information","text":"<p>A GP, pharmacist, nurse or midwife can give you more advice about what methods of contraception are suitable for you.</p>"}],"headline":"Can I use the vaginal ring?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vaginal-ring/how-to-use-it/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"You put the vaginal ring inside your vagina and leave it there for 21 days. You then take it out and have 7 days with no ring before starting again.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You put the vaginal ring inside your vagina on the first day of your period. The ring is soft and flexible, and it’s similar to inserting a tampon.</p><p>Once the ring is in place, you should not be able to feel it, including during sex.</p><p>You leave the ring in for 21 days before removing it using your finger.</p><p>You then wait 7 days before putting in a new ring. You may have period-like bleeding during this time. This is nothing to worry about.</p><p>When you’ve taken the vaginal ring out, put it in the pouch that comes in the pack and throw it in the bin. Do not flush it down the toilet.</p><p>The packaging that comes with your vaginal ring will have a leaflet with pictures showing how to put the ring in and take it out.</p><p>Follow the instructions carefully to make sure the ring is properly fitted in place.</p>"}],"headline":"Putting in the vaginal ring"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vaginal-ring/how-to-use-it/#effectiveness","description":"If used correctly, the vaginal ring is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>When used correctly all the time, the vaginal ring is more than 99% effective.</p><p>If not used correctly, it’s 91% effective, which means that about 9 in 100 women will get pregnant in a year. This is because things can go wrong, for example you might forget to replace a ring at the right time.</p>"}],"headline":"How well the vaginal ring works"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/InteractionsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vaginal-ring/how-to-use-it/#interactions","description":"Some medicines and herbal remedies can stop the vaginal ring from working properly. Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Some medicines and herbal remedies can affect how the vaginal ring works. The ring may not work properly to stop you getting pregnant.</p><p>You may need to use another type of contraception.</p><p>Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice before using the ring if you take medicine to treat TB (tuberculosis), epilepsy or HIV.</p><p>You should also ask for advice if you take griseofulvin (an antifungal medicine), lamotrigine (a mood stabiliser), bosentan (a high blood pressure medicine) or St John's wort (a herbal remedy).</p>"}],"headline":"Medicines and herbal remedies that affect the vaginal ring"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vaginal-ring/side-effects-and-risks/#side-effects","description":"Using the vaginal ring can change your periods and some people get bleeding between periods. This often improves after a few months.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You may have some side effects when you first start using the vaginal ring.</p><p>Bleeding between periods (breakthrough bleeding) or changes to your periods are common in the first few months.</p><p>Some people report headaches, feeling sick or having sore breasts. But there is not enough evidence to say whether this is caused by using the ring.</p><p>There is a small chance your blood pressure may go up so you will have regular blood pressure tests while using the ring.</p><p>For some people the ring improves period pain and other symptoms linked to periods, such as headaches.</p><p>There is no evidence that using the ring makes you put on weight or changes your sex drive.</p><p>If you have side effects 3 months after starting the ring and they’re a problem for you, a doctor or nurse at a sexual health clinic or GP surgery can discuss this with you.</p>"}],"headline":"Common side effects of the vaginal ring"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/RisksOrComplicationsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vaginal-ring/side-effects-and-risks/#complications","description":"Using the vaginal ring is linked with a very small risk of problems like blood clots. A doctor will check your risk before they prescribe it.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There are some risks linked to using the vaginal ring. But the chance of getting these is small.</p><h3>Blood clots</h3><p>The risk of getting a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blood-clots/\">blood clot</a> is very small and affects up to 1 in 1,000 people using combined hormonal contraception like the vaginal ring.</p><p>Your doctor will check if you have certain risk factors before prescribing the ring.</p><p>There is a small risk of:</p><ul><li>getting a blood clot in your leg or lung</li><li>a blood clot causing a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-attack/\">heart attack</a></li><li>a blood clot causing a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stroke/\">stroke</a></li></ul><h3>Cancer</h3><p>Using the vaginal ring can slightly increase your risk of getting:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer/\">breast cancer</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cervical-cancer/\">cervical cancer</a></li></ul><p>But your risk of getting breast cancer and cervical cancer goes back to normal 10 years after you stop using the ring.</p><p>Using the vaginal ring can also lower your risk of getting:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/womb-cancer/\">womb (uterus) cancer</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ovarian-cancer/\">ovarian cancer</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bowel-cancer/\">bowel cancer</a></li></ul>"}],"headline":"Risks of the vaginal ring"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-diaphragm-or-cap/who-can-use-it/#who-its-for","description":"Diaphragms or caps are not suitable for everyone. To find out whether they are right for you, talk to a GP, nurse or pharmacist.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Diaphragms and caps are not suitable for everyone.</p><p>The diaphragm or cap may not be suitable for you if:</p><ul><li>you have a latex <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/allergies/\">allergy</a></li><li>you often have <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-tract-infections-utis/\">urinary tract infections</a> (UTIs)</li><li>you have ever had <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/toxic-shock-syndrome/\">toxic shock syndrome</a></li><li>you or your sexual partner has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) such as chlamydia – you should wait until the infection clears before having sex</li><li>you have a higher risk of getting HIV, for example your partner has HIV, you have sex with multiple people or share needles</li></ul><p>The cap may be less effective if you've given birth.</p><p>If any of these apply to you, talk to a doctor or nurse about whether it’s safe for you to use a diaphragm or cap.</p>"}],"headline":"Can I use a diaphragm or cap?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-diaphragm-or-cap/how-to-use-it/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"You put a contraceptive diaphragm or cap in the vagina before sex and leave it in for 6 hours after sex.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Diaphragms and caps come in different sizes. Caps are smaller than diaphragms.</p><p>A doctor or nurse will check the size you need by feeling inside your vagina. You can have a friend, family member or other member of staff in the room with you if you want.</p><p>The doctor or nurse will show you how to use the diaphragm or cap, and make an appointment for you to go back in a few weeks to check you're using it correctly.</p>"}],"headline":"Getting a diaphragm or cap fitted"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-diaphragm-or-cap/how-to-use-it/#effectiveness","description":"If correctly used diaphragms and caps are estimated to be between 92 and 96% effective. If not used correctly they are less effective.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>If used correctly diaphragms and caps are estimated to be between 92 and 96% effective. If not used correctly (for example, forgetting to add spermicide) they are less effective.</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Important","text":"<p>If you notice a hole in your diaphragm or cap after sex, there may be a chance you could get pregnant. You may need <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/contraception/emergency-contraception/\">emergency contraception.</a></p><p>Speak to a pharmacist, sexual health clinic, GP or call 111 for advice.</p>"}],"headline":"How well diaphragms and caps work"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-diaphragm-or-cap/where-to-get-it/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get diaphragms or caps free on the NHS from sexual health clinics, some GP surgeries and young people's services.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS.</p><p>You can get diaphragms or caps along with a supply of spermicide from:</p><ul><li>sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>some GP surgeries</li><li>some young people's services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li></ul>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice/","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}}],"headline":"Getting diaphragms or caps"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-diaphragm-or-cap/side-effects-and-risks/#side-effects","description":"Diaphragms and caps are very safe. Side effects can include urinary tract infections or latex allergy. A rare complication is toxic shock syndrome.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Diaphragms and caps are very safe and serious side effects are rare.</p><p>Side effects include:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-tract-infections-utis/\">urinary tract infections</a> (UTIs)</li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/toxic-shock-syndrome/\">toxic shock syndrome</a> (this is very rare)</li><li>skin irritation to you or your sexual partner caused by latex or spermicide</li></ul><p>If a diaphragm or cap is causing pain or irritation, contact a sexual health clinic or GP for advice.</p><p>If you are unable to speak to a GP or sexual health clinic, then call 111 or visit <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/\">111 online</a> for advice.</p>"}],"headline":"Side effects"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/condoms/#who-its-for","description":"Most people can use condoms. Do not use latex condoms if you have a latex allergy or are using certain antifungal medicines.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Most people can use condoms.</p><p>Some condoms are made from latex, others are latex free. It will say on the packet what the condom is made of.</p><p>Do not use latex condoms if:</p><ul><li>you have a latex allergy</li><li>you’re using antifungal medicine on or around your anus, vulva and vagina, or penis and testicles</li></ul>"}],"headline":"Who can use condoms"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/condoms/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"Use a new condom every time you have sex. Condoms can be used for vaginal, anal and oral sex, and when using sex toys. Always follow the instructions.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Condoms can be used for:</p><ul><li>vaginal sex</li><li>anal sex</li><li>oral sex</li></ul><p>Some people also put condoms on sex toys.</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Do","text":"<ul><li><p>use a new condom every time you have sex</p></li><li><p>follow the instructions on the condom packet to put it on correctly</p></li><li><p>check the use by date has not expired – an expired condom may not be effective</p></li><li><p>check the packet for a European CE mark or UKCA mark – this means it’s been tested to high safety standards</p></li></ul>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Don't","text":"<ul><li><p>do not use more than one condom – this can make one or both condoms split</p></li><li><p>do not use oil-based lubricant with latex condoms – use water-based or silicone-based lubricant instead</p></li></ul>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"How to use a condom","text":"<p>Put the condom on before you start having sex (before the penis touches the vagina or anus).</p><ol><li>Make sure the penis is fully erect.</li><li>Open the packet carefully so you do not damage the condom. Do not use your teeth as this could rip the condom.</li><li>Hold the tip of the condom to squeeze out any air.</li><li>Roll the condom all the way down to the base of the penis. If the condom does not roll down, you may have put it on the wrong way round. Throw it away and use a new condom.</li><li>Keep the condom on until you finish having sex. When you've finished, grip the base of the condom as you pull out to stop it coming off the penis.</li><li>Always put used condoms in the bin, not in the toilet.</li></ol>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Information","text":"<p><a href=\"https://youtu.be/vww9rk1USss/\">Watch a video about how to put on a condom on the NHS YouTube channel</a>.</p>"}],"headline":"Using a condom"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/MedicalHelpUrgentHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/condoms/#urgent-medical-help","description":"","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","identifier":"urgent","headline":"Get urgent help from a pharmacist, sexual health clinic, 111 or a GP if:","text":"<ul>\n<li>\n  a condom splits or comes off during sex\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n You may need\n <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/contraception/emergency-contraception/\">\n  emergency contraception\n </a>\n or an STI test.\n</p>\n<p>\n You can call 111 or\n <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/\">\n  get help from 111 online\n </a>\n .\n</p>\n"}],"headline":""},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/condoms/#effectiveness","description":"If used correctly every time you have sex, condoms are up to 98% effective at preventing pregnancy. If not used correctly, they are less effective.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"How well condoms work at preventing pregnancy","text":"<p>Condoms are up to 98% effective at preventing pregnancy if you use them correctly every time you have sex.</p><p>If not used correctly they’re 82% effective, which means around 1 in 5 women who use condoms for a year will get pregnant.</p><p>Incorrect use includes:</p><ul><li>putting a condom on after the penis has touched the vagina</li><li>a condom splitting or coming off during sex</li></ul><h3>How well condoms work to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs)</h3><p>Using a condom every time you have sex is the best way to protect you and your partner from HIV and other STIs.</p>"}],"headline":"How well condoms work"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/condoms/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get condoms free at sexual health clinics, some GP surgeries and young people’s services. You can buy them in pharmacies, shops and online.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS.</p><p>You can get condoms for free from:</p><ul><li>sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>some GP surgeries and pharmacies</li><li>some young people's services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li></ul><p>You can also buy condoms from pharmacies and supermarkets or online.</p>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}}],"headline":"Where to get condoms"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/OverviewHealthAspect","description":"Condoms can help prevent pregnancy and the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Condoms go on the penis before vaginal, anal or oral sex.","hasPart":[{"text":"<p>Use a new condom every time you have sex. Condoms can be used for vaginal, anal and oral sex, and when using sex toys. Always follow the instructions.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"},{"text":"<p>If used correctly every time you have sex, condoms are up to 98% effective at preventing pregnancy. If not used correctly, they are less effective.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"},{"text":"<p>You can get condoms free at sexual health clinics, some GP surgeries and young people’s services. You can buy them in pharmacies, shops and online.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"}],"headline":"","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/condoms/#overview"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vasectomy-male-sterilisation/how-to-get-a-vasectomy/#how-to-get-it","description":"Talk to a GP if you're considering having a vasectomy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Make an appointment at your GP surgery or a sexual health clinic if you're thinking about having a vasectomy.</p><p>A nurse or doctor can explain what's involved, the possible risks and answer any questions to help you decide whether you want to have a vasectomy.</p><p>You may also want to discuss it with your partner, if you have one.</p><p>If you decide to have a vasectomy, you'll be referred to a hospital or clinic to have it done. There's likely to be a waiting list.</p><p>You can choose to pay for a vasectomy privately if you wish.</p><p>A few weeks before the vasectomy, you may have an appointment to check your health and discuss the procedure. This may be on the phone or in person.</p>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice/","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}}],"headline":"Getting a vasectomy"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vasectomy-male-sterilisation/how-to-get-a-vasectomy/#who-its-for","description":"A vasectomy may be suitable if you already have children and do not want any more, or you do not want to have children.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>A vasectomy is a permanent type of contraception.</p><p>It may be suitable if:</p><ul><li>you already have children and do not want any more</li><li>you do not want to have children</li></ul>"}],"headline":"Who can have a vasectomy"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vasectomy-male-sterilisation/how-to-get-a-vasectomy/#effectiveness","description":"A vasectomy is very effective method of contraception. It is very unlikely  you will be able to have children after having a vasectomy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>A vasectomy is a very effective method of contraception, with a success rate of over 99%.</p>"}],"headline":"How well a vasectomy works"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/PreparationHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vasectomy-male-sterilisation/preparation/#preparation","description":"You may be asked to shave your testicles and have a bath or shower before having a vasectomy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Before your surgery, you’ll receive information explaining how to prepare for your vasectomy. You may be asked to:</p><ul><li>shave your testicles a few days before the procedure – the information will tell you how to do this at home safely</li><li>have a shower or bath on the morning of your vasectomy – this helps reduce the risk of infection</li><li>wear or bring tight-fitting underwear on the day of the surgery</li></ul><p>You’re likely to have some pain after the procedure. Make sure you have painkillers at home for the pain. If you're concerned about pain, speak to the nurse or doctor. They may be able to offer you extra pain relief.</p><p><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/ibuprofen-for-adults/\">Ibuprofen</a> is usually recommended, but you can use <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/medicines/paracetamol-for-adults/\">paracetamol</a> if you cannot take ibuprofen.</p>"}],"headline":"How to prepare for a vasectomy"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/WhatHappensHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vasectomy-male-sterilisation/what-happens/#what-happens","description":"During a vasectomy your scrotum is numbed and the tubes carrying semen are blocked, sealed or cut.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Vasectomy is done at a GP surgery, sexual health clinic or hospital.</p><p>A vasectomy usually takes around 15 to 20 minutes.</p><p>The doctor will: :</p><ul><li>use a local anaesthetic to numb your scrotum (the skin around your testicles)</li><li>make a small cut in your scrotum</li><li>seal, block or cut the tubes that carry sperm (sperm ducts)</li><li>close the cut, usually with dissolvable stitches</li></ul>"}],"headline":"On the day of your vasectomy"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/PrognosisHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vasectomy-male-sterilisation/recovery/#recovery","description":"It’s common to have testicular pain and swelling for a week after a vasectomy. Taking painkiller should help.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>It is common to have testicle pain and swelling for around a week after a vasectomy. Taking a painkiller such as ibuprofen or paracetamol should help.</p><p>At first, getting an erection may feel painful and there may be some blood in your semen. These symptoms should quickly pass.</p><p>There is no evidence that having a vasectomy affects long-term sexual performance or enjoyment.</p><p>You should be able to return to work within 24 hours.</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Do","text":"<ul><li><p>wear tight-fitting underwear for about a week to support and protect your testicles</p></li><li><p>avoid sport or lifting anything heavy for as long as the doctor or nurse advises – this is usually 1 to 2 weeks</p></li><li><p>use another method of contraception until a doctor confirms that the vasectomy has been successful – this usually takes around 12 weeks</p></li></ul>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Don't","text":"<ul><li><p>do not take part in sexual activity, including masturbation, for at least 2 to 7 days after having a vasectomy</p></li><li><p>do not drive until you can safely do an emergency stop – check with your insurance company</p></li></ul>"}],"headline":"Recovering from a vasectomy"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/RisksOrComplicationsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vasectomy-male-sterilisation/complications/#complications","description":"Side effects of a vasectomy include infection, and long-term testicular pain","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>A vasectomy is usually a very safe type of surgery and serious side effects are rare.</p><p>Side effects include:</p><ul><li>mild bruising and swelling of the testicles</li><li>a small yellow lump (or lumps) on the scrotum – these lumps are made up of sperm (sperm granuloma) and are usually harmless</li><li>infection</li></ul><p>Bruising and swelling of the testicles should go away as your scrotum recovers from surgery.</p><p>Sperm granulomas should also go away by themselves. Anti-inflammatory types of painkillers, such as ibuprofen, can help with pain caused by a granuloma.</p><p>An infection will need treating with antibiotics.</p>"}],"headline":"Side effects of a vasectomy"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/MedicalHelpUrgentHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/vasectomy-male-sterilisation/complications/#urgent-medical-help","description":"","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","identifier":"urgent","headline":"Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:","text":"<p>\n After your vasectomy :\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n  the pain and swelling in your scrotum and testicles suddenly gets worse or shows no sign of getting better after a few days\n </li>\n<li>\n  you have a high temperature\n </li>\n<li>\n  you notice blood, pus or liquid leaking from the wound\n </li>\n<li>\n  a lump develops inside your scrotum (the skin around your testicles) and it keeps getting bigger\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n You can call 111 or\n <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/triage/check-your-symptoms\">\n  get help from 111 online\n </a>\n .\n</p>\n"}],"headline":""},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/internal-condoms/#who-its-for","description":"Most people can use internal condoms. They’re usually suitable for people with a latex allergy, but always read the packet.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Most people can use internal condoms.</p><p>Almost all internal condoms are made of thin, soft plastic or synthetic rubber.</p><p>Some internal condoms are made of latex. It will say on the packet what the condom is made of.</p><p>Do not use latex condoms if:</p><ul><li>you have a latex allergy</li><li>you're using antifungal medicine on or around your anus, vulva and vagina, or penis and testicles</li></ul>"}],"headline":"Who can use internal condoms"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/internal-condoms/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"You put internal condoms into the vagina or anus before sex.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Do","text":"<ul><li><p>use a new internal condom every time you have sex</p></li><li><p>follow the instructions on the condom packet</p></li><li><p>check the use by date has not expired – an expired condom may not be effective</p></li><li><p>check the packet for a European CE mark or UKCA mark – this means it’s been tested to high safety standards</p></li></ul>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Don't","text":"<ul><li><p>do not use more than one internal condom, or an internal condom with an external (male) condom – this can make one or both condoms split</p></li><li><p>do not use oil-based lubricant with internal condoms made of latex – use water-based or silicone-based lubricant instead</p></li></ul>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"How to use an internal condom","text":"<p>You can insert an internal condom up to 8 hours before sex.</p><ol><li>Open the packet carefully so you do not damage the condom. Do not use your teeth.</li><li>Hold the inner ring and insert the condom into the vagina.</li><li>Put a finger into the condom and push it as far into the vagina as you can.</li><li>Make sure the outer ring stays outside the vagina.</li><li>During sex, make sure the penis goes inside the condom.</li><li>After sex, twist the outer ring a few times to prevent semen leaking out when you remove the condom.</li><li>Always put used internal condoms in the bin, not the toilet.</li></ol>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Information","text":"<p>If you choose to use an internal condom for anal sex, you can insert it into the anus using your finger, or by putting it on the penis or a sex toy like an external (male) condom.</p><p>Always use lubricant on the outside and inside of the condom.</p>"}],"headline":"Using an internal condom"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/MedicalHelpUrgentHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/internal-condoms/#urgent-medical-help","description":"","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","identifier":"urgent","headline":"Get urgent help from a pharmacist, sexual health clinic, 111 or a GP if:","text":"<ul>\n<li>\n  an internal condom splits, moves out of place, or leaks during sex\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n You may need\n <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/contraception/emergency-contraception/\">\n  emergency contraception\n </a>\n or an STI test.\n</p>\n<p>\n You can call 111 or\n <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/\">\n  get help from 111 online\n </a>\n .\n</p>\n"}],"headline":""},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/internal-condoms/#effectiveness","description":"If used correctly every time you have sex, internal condoms are 95% effective at preventing pregnancy. They are less effective if not used correctly.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"How well internal condoms work at preventing pregnancy","text":"<p>Internal condoms are up to 95% effective at preventing pregnancy if you use them correctly every time you have sex.</p><p>If not used correctly they’re 79% effective, which means around 1 in 5 women who use internal condoms for a year will get pregnant.</p><p>Incorrect use includes:</p><ul><li>inserting an internal condom after the penis has touched the vagina</li><li>an internal condom splitting or moving out of place during sex</li><li>the penis entering the vagina outside the internal condom</li></ul><h3>How well internal condoms work at preventing sexually transmitted infections</h3><p>When used correctly for vaginal sex, internal condoms help protect against <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sexually-transmitted-infections-stis/\">sexually transmitted infections (STIs)</a>.</p><p>When used correctly for anal sex, internal condoms may help protect against STIs, but there’s not enough evidence to say how much protection they offer.</p>"}],"headline":"How well internal condoms work"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/internal-condoms/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get internal condoms for free at sexual health clinics and other NHS services. You can also buy them in pharmacies, shops and online.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS.</p><p>You can get internal condoms for free from:</p><ul><li>some sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>some GP surgeries and pharmacies</li><li>some young people's services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li></ul><p>You can also buy internal condoms online or from pharmacies and supermarkets.</p>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}}],"headline":"Where to get internal condoms"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/OverviewHealthAspect","description":"Internal condoms can help prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). They go inside the vagina or anus before sex.","hasPart":[{"text":"<p>Most people can use internal condoms. They’re usually suitable for people with a latex allergy, but always read the packet.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"},{"text":"<p>If used correctly every time you have sex, internal condoms are 95% effective at preventing pregnancy. They are less effective if not used correctly.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"},{"text":"<p>You can get internal condoms for free at sexual health clinics and other NHS services. You can also buy them in pharmacies, shops and online.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"}],"headline":"","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/internal-condoms/#overview"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/natural-family-planning/#effectiveness","description":"Natural family planning is between 91% and 99% effective if used correctly all the time. It’s less effective if you do not follow the instructions.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Effectiveness of fertility awareness method","text":"<p>When used correctly all the time, fertility awareness methods are between 91% and 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.</p><p>If you do not follow the instructions exactly, it is only 76% effective. This means 24 in 100 women will get pregnant when tracking their fertility for a year.</p><h3><b>Effectiveness of lactational amenorrhea method</b></h3><p>If you are breastfeeding and follow lactational amenorrhea method correctly all the time, it is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.</p><p>If you do not follow the instructions exactly, it’s 98% effective and 2 in 100 women will get pregnant again within 6 months of giving birth.</p>"}],"headline":"How well natural family planning works"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/natural-family-planning/#how-to-get-it","description":"You need to learn about natural family planning from an expert such as a midwife, or a fertility awareness practitioner.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You need an expert such as a fertility awareness practitioner or a midwife to teach you about natural family planning.</p><p>You can find out about natural family planning from:</p><ul><li>sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>some GP surgeries</li><li>some young people's services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li></ul><p><a href=\"https://www.fertilityuk.org/find-a-clinic/\">You can find a fertility awareness practitioner on the Fertility UK website</a>.</p><p>If you’re pregnant, you can talk to your midwife about breastfeeding and the lactational amenorrhoea method.</p>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice/","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}}],"headline":"How to find out about natural family planning"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/natural-family-planning/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"Natural family planning involves avoiding sex or using condoms when you’re fertile, or breastfeeding your baby for 6 months to delay ovulation.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There are different instructions for:</p><ul><li>tracking your menstrual cycle to know when you're fertile (fertility awareness method)</li><li>breastfeeding a newborn baby to delay ovulation (lactational amenorrhoea method)</li></ul><p>A healthcare professional specially trained in fertility awareness can teach you what you need to do every day for natural family planning to work.</p><p>Ask a midwife, or ask at a GP surgery or sexual health clinic to see if there’s someone available who can support you.</p><h3>Using the fertility awareness method</h3><p>With the fertility awareness method, you record the following every day:</p><ul><li>your body temperature</li><li>details of your vaginal discharge</li><li>your menstrual cycle</li></ul><p>By tracking these you can see the days when you’re most likely to get pregnant (most fertile) each month. On fertile days, use a condom or avoid having sex.</p><p>It can take 2 to 3 menstrual cycles to understand how to do this properly. Use additional contraception during this time, or do not have sex.</p><p>There are apps and fertility monitoring devices designed to help you track your fertile days, but none are officially recommended by the NHS.</p><h3>Using the lactational amenorrhoea method</h3><p>With the lactional amenorrhoea method, you need to breastfeed your baby:</p><ul><li>at least every 4 hours during the day</li><li>at least every 6 hours during the night</li></ul><p>This method only works for the first 6 months after giving birth and you need to start as soon as you have your baby.</p><p>It will not work if you have a period, or you give your baby formula milk or solid food.</p><p>If you express breastmilk it may not be as effective, but there’s very little research into this.</p>"}],"headline":"How natural family planning works"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/natural-family-planning/#who-its-for","description":"Natural family planning is not suitable for everyone. Ask a GP for advice or speak to a trained practitioner in natural family planning.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Natural family planning is not suitable for everyone.</p><p>It may be helpful if you cannot use other types of contraception because of a health condition.</p><p>Natural family planning may not be suitable for you if:</p><ul><li>you have irregular periods (fertility awareness method)</li><li>you cannot breastfeed (lactational awareness method)</li><li>you need to avoid getting pregnant due to a health condition</li><li>you take a medicine that can affect your baby, such as some medicines for bipolar disorder, migraine and epilepsy</li></ul><p>Speak to a doctor or nurse, or ask your midwife, if you want to know whether you can use natural family planning.</p><p>Do not stop taking your medicine without talking to a doctor first.</p>"}],"headline":"Can I use natural family planning?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/OverviewHealthAspect","description":"Natural family planning helps prevent pregnancy by avoiding sex on fertile days, or fully breastfeeding a baby under 6 months to delay your periods.","hasPart":[{"text":"<p>Natural family planning is between 91% and 99% effective if used correctly all the time. It’s less effective if you do not follow the instructions.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"},{"text":"<p>You need to learn about natural family planning from an expert such as a midwife, or a fertility awareness practitioner.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"},{"text":"<p>Natural family planning involves avoiding sex or using condoms when you’re fertile, or breastfeeding your baby for 6 months to delay ovulation.</p> ","@type":"WebPageElement"}],"headline":"","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/natural-family-planning/#overview"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/iud-coil/where-to-get-it/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get an IUD (copper coil) free on the NHS from sexual health clinics, GP surgeries and young people's services.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS.</p><p>You can get an IUD (intrauterine device), also called a copper coil, free from:</p><ul><li>sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>some GP surgeries</li><li>some young people's services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li></ul>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Information","text":"<p>If you need an IUD for emergency contraception, it must be fitted within 5 days after having unprotected sex (sex without contraception). Make an appointment as soon as you can.</p>"}],"headline":"Getting an IUD"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/iud-coil/who-can-get-it/#who-its-for","description":"Speak to a doctor or nurse to find out if an IUD (copper coil) is suitable for you.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>A doctor or nurse will ask about your medical history to check if you can get an IUD (intrauterine device), also called a copper coil.</p><p>You may not be able to have an IUD if:</p><ul><li>you think you might be pregnant</li><li>you have a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or pelvic infection</li><li>you have problems with your womb or cervix, such as fibroids or cervical cancer</li><li>you have unexplained bleeding between periods or after sex</li></ul><p>If any of these apply to you, speak to the doctor or nurse about your contraception options.</p><h3>Getting an IUD after giving birth</h3><p>An IUD can sometimes be fitted within 48 hours of giving birth. But you'll usually be advised to wait until 4 weeks after birth to have an IUD fitted.</p><p>It’s possible to get pregnant starting from 3 weeks (21 days) after giving birth. It's important to use another form of contraception, such as condoms, until your IUD is fitted.</p><h4>IUDs and breastfeeding</h4><p>It's safe to have an IUD when you're breastfeeding, and it will not affect your baby or your milk supply.</p><h3>Getting an IUD after a miscarriage or abortion</h3><p>You can get an IUD straight after an abortion or miscarriage. You'll be protected against pregnancy straight away.</p>"}],"headline":"Can I get an IUD?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/InteractionsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/iud-coil/who-can-get-it/#interactions","description":"An IUD (copper coil) will not be affected by any other medicines you are taking.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>An IUD is not affected by other medicines, including prescription medicines or herbal remedies.</p>"}],"headline":"IUD and medicines"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/iud-coil/getting-it-fitted-or-removed/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"An IUD (copper coil) is inserted into your womb by a doctor or nurse. This usually takes 5 to 10 minutes.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You can usually have an IUD (intrauterine device), also called a copper coil, fitted by a specially trained doctor or nurse at a GP surgery or sexual health clinic.</p><p>Having an IUD fitted should take about 5 to 10 minutes, but allow at least 30 minutes for the appointment.</p><p>Before your IUD is fitted you might be offered:</p><ul><li>a test for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)</li><li>a pregnancy test (an IUD cannot be fitted if you might be pregnant)</li></ul><p>Some people find having an IUD fitted painful. You may want to take some painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen an hour before.</p><p>If you're concerned about pain during the fitting, speak to the nurse or doctor. They may be able to offer you extra pain relief.</p><h3>The procedure</h3><p>During the procedure:</p><ul><li>a nurse or doctor will gently put a smooth, tube-shaped tool (a speculum) into your vagina so they can open it, like a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cervical-screening/\">cervical screening (a smear test)</a></li><li>they will insert the IUD into your womb through your cervix</li></ul><p>Tell the person fitting your IUD if you feel any pain or discomfort. You can ask them to stop at any time.</p><p>You can have a friend, family member or other member of staff in the room with you during the fitting if you want.</p><h3>After an IUD is fitted</h3><p>You might have some period-like pain for a few days after having an IUD fitted. Painkillers such as paracetamol and ibuprofen can help with any pain. You may also have some light bleeding (spotting).</p>"}],"headline":"Having an IUD fitted"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/iud-coil/side-effects/#side-effects","description":"An IUD (copper coil) has very few side effects, but it can make periods heavier and more painful for some people.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>After you get an IUD fitted:</p><ul><li>you might have some period-like pain for a few days</li><li>you may have some bleeding between your periods</li><li>your periods may become heavier, longer or more painful – this may improve after a few months</li><li>you have a small chance of getting thrush that keeps coming back – talk to your GP if this happens</li></ul><p>Your partner should not be able to feel your IUD threads during sex. If they can and it’s a problem, see a doctor or nurse to get the threads checked.</p>"}],"headline":"Side effects of an IUD"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/iud-coil/side-effects/#effectiveness","description":"An IUD (copper coil) is over 99% effective. Less than 1 in 100 women with an IUD will get pregnant in one year.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>An IUD is over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.</p><p>This means that less than 1 in 100 women using an IUD as their method of contraception get pregnant each year.</p>"}],"headline":"How well an IUD works"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/RisksOrComplicationsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/iud-coil/side-effects/#complications","description":"An IUD (copper coil) is very safe, but it has some very rare risks including infection, damage to the womb and ectopic pregnancy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>An IUD is very safe, but there are some rare risks, including:</p><ul><li>pelvic infections, usually within 3 weeks of having an IUD fitted</li><li>your IUD moving or coming out, usually within 3 months after it’s fitted</li><li>damage to the womb</li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/\">ectopic pregnancy</a> in the rare case that your IUD fails</li></ul>"}],"headline":"Risks of an IUD"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/MedicalHelpUrgentHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/iud-coil/side-effects/#urgent-medical-help","description":"","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","identifier":"urgent","headline":"Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:","text":"<p>\n You've had an IUD fitted and:\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n  you have pain in your lower tummy (abdomen) and painkillers do not help\n </li>\n<li>\n  you get sudden pain in your lower tummy that gets worse or does not go away\n </li>\n<li>\n  you have a high temperature\n </li>\n<li>\n  you have abnormal or smelly discharge\n </li>\n<li>\n  you have very heavy vaginal bleeding\n </li>\n<li>\n  you think you might be pregnant\n </li>\n<li>\n  you cannot feel the threads of your IUD, or they feel different\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n You can call 111 or\n <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/\">\n  get help from 111 online\n </a>\n .\n</p>\n"}],"headline":""},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/ius-hormonal-coil/where-to-get-it/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get an IUS (hormonal coil) for free on the NHS from sexual health clinics, GP surgeries and young people's services.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS.</p><p>You can get an IUS (intrauterine system), also called a hormonal coil, for free from:</p><ul><li>sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>some GP surgeries</li><li>some young people's services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li></ul>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}}],"headline":"Where can I get an IUS?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/ius-hormonal-coil/who-can-get-it/#who-its-for","description":"Speak to a doctor or nurse to find out if an IUS (hormonal coil) is suitable for you.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>A doctor or nurse will ask about your medical history to check if you can get an IUS (intrauterine system), also called a hormonal coil.</p><p>An IUS may not be suitable if you have:</p><ul><li>breast cancer, or have had it in the past</li><li>cervical cancer or womb (uterus) cancer</li><li>a liver condition</li><li>unexplained bleeding between periods or after sex</li><li>a history of serious heart disease or stroke</li><li>a sexually transmitted infection (STI) or pelvic infection</li><li>problems with your womb or cervix, such as fibroids</li></ul><p>If any of these apply to you, speak to the doctor or nurse about your contraception options.</p><h3>Getting an IUS after giving birth</h3><p>An IUS can sometimes be fitted within 48 hours of giving birth. But you'll usually be advised to wait until 4 weeks after birth to have an IUS fitted.</p><p>It’s possible to get pregnant from 3 weeks (21 days) after giving birth. It's important to use another form of contraception, such as condoms, until your IUS is fitted.</p><h4>Breastfeeding with an IUS</h4><p>It's safe to have an IUS when you're breastfeeding, and it will not affect your baby or your milk supply.</p><h3>Getting an IUS after a miscarriage or abortion</h3><p>You can get an IUS straight after an abortion or miscarriage. You'll be protected against pregnancy straight away.</p>"}],"headline":"Can I get an IUS?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/InteractionsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/ius-hormonal-coil/who-can-get-it/#interactions","description":"An IUS (hormonal coil) is not affected by most other medicines.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>An IUS is not affected by most other medicines, including prescription medicines or herbal remedies.</p>"}],"headline":"IUS and medicines"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/ius-hormonal-coil/getting-it-fitted-or-removed/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"An IUS (hormonal coil) is inserted into your womb by a doctor or nurse. This usually takes 5 to 10 minutes.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You can usually have an IUS (intrauterine system), also called a hormonal coil, fitted by a specially trained doctor or nurse at a GP surgery or sexual health clinic.</p><p>An IUS can be fitted any time in your menstrual cycle, as long as you're not pregnant.</p><p>If it's fitted in the first 5 days of your cycle (day 1 is the first day of your period), you'll be protected against pregnancy straight away.</p><p>If it's fitted at any other time, use another type of contraception, such as condoms, for 7 days afterwards.</p><p>Having an IUS fitted should take about 5 to10 minutes, but allow at least 30 minutes for the appointment.</p><h3>Before your IUS is fitted</h3><p>Before your IUS is fitted you might be offered:</p><ul><li>a test for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)</li><li>a pregnancy test (an IUS cannot be fitted if you might be pregnant)</li></ul><p>Some people may find having an IUS fitted painful. You may want to take some painkillers like paracetamol or ibuprofen an hour before.</p><p>If you're concerned about pain during the fitting, speak to the nurse or doctor. They may be able to offer you extra pain relief.</p><h3>The procedure</h3><p>During the procedure:</p><ul><li>a nurse or doctor will gently put a smooth, tube-shaped tool (a speculum) into your vagina so they can open it, like a cervical screening (a smear test)</li><li>they will insert the IUS into your womb through your cervix</li></ul><p>Tell the person fitting your IUS if you feel any pain or discomfort. You can ask them to stop at any time.</p><p>You can have a friend, family member or other member of staff in the room with you during the fitting if you want.</p><h3>After an IUS is fitted</h3><p>You might have some period-like pain for a few days after having an IUS fitted. Painkillers such as paracetamol and ibuprofen can help with any pain. You might also have some light bleeding (spotting).</p>"}],"headline":"Having an IUS fitted"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/ius-hormonal-coil/side-effects-and-risks/#effectiveness","description":"An IUS (hormonal coil) is over 99% effective. Less than 1 in 100 women with an IUS will get pregnant in one year.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>An IUS is over 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.</p><p>This means that less than 1 in 100 women using an IUS as their method of contraception get pregnant each year.</p>"}],"headline":"How well does an IUS work?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/ius-hormonal-coil/side-effects-and-risks/#side-effects","description":"An IUS (hormonal coil) can have some minor side effects, but these usually go away after a few months.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Side effects of an IUS (intrauterine system), also called a hormonal coil, are most common for a few months after having it fitted. Many IUS users do not get any side effects.</p><p>Possible side effects include:</p><ul><li>period-like pain and bleeding (spotting) after having an IUS fitted</li><li>small fluid-filled sacs (cysts) on your ovaries – these are usually harmless and disappear without treatment</li><li>a small chance of getting thrush that keeps coming back – talk to your GP if this happens</li></ul><p>Some people report headaches, acne, sore breasts, and mood changes. There is not enough evidence to say if an IUS causes these.</p><p>If you get any of these symptoms, they should go away within a few months. If side effects are a problem for you, speak to a doctor or nurse.</p><p>Your partner should not be able to feel your IUS threads during sex. If they can, see a doctor or nurse to have the threads checked.</p><h3>How an IUS affects periods</h3><p>An IUS can make periods shorter or lighter, or stop them altogether.</p><p>For 3 to 6 months after having an IUS fitted, your periods might become longer, irregular or more frequent. You may also have some light bleeding between your periods. This should improve within a few months.</p><p>If irregular or heavy bleeding continues for longer than 6 months, see your doctor or nurse for a check-up.</p><p>Some types of IUS are effective treatments for heavy periods.</p>"}],"headline":"Side effects of an IUS"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/RisksOrComplicationsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/ius-hormonal-coil/side-effects-and-risks/#complications","description":"An IUS (hormonal coil) is very safe, but it has some very rare risks including infection, damage to the womb and ectopic pregnancy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>An IUS is very safe, but there are some rare risks, including:</p><ul><li>pelvic infections, usually within 3 weeks of having an IUS fitted</li><li>your IUS moving or coming out, usually within 3 months of having it fitted</li><li>damage to the womb</li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/\">ectopic pregnancy</a> if your IUS fails</li></ul>"}],"headline":"Risks of an IUS"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/MedicalHelpUrgentHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/ius-hormonal-coil/side-effects-and-risks/#urgent-medical-help","description":"","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","identifier":"urgent","headline":"Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:","text":"<p>\n You have an IUS and:\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n  you have pain in your lower tummy (abdomen) and painkillers do not help\n </li>\n<li>\n  you get sudden pain in your lower tummy that gets worse or does not go away\n </li>\n<li>\n  you have a high temperature\n </li>\n<li>\n  you have unusual or smelly discharge\n </li>\n<li>\n  you have very heavy vaginal bleeding\n </li>\n<li>\n  you think you might be pregnant\n </li>\n<li>\n  you cannot feel the threads of your IUS, or they feel different\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n You can call 111 or\n <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/\">\n  get help from 111 online\n </a>\n .\n</p>\n"}],"headline":""},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-implant/where-to-get-it/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get the contraceptive implant free from sexual health clinics and some GP surgeries and young people’s services. You may need an appointment.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS.</p><p>You can get the contraceptive implant from:</p><ul><li>sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>some GP surgeries</li><li>some young people's services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li></ul>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice/","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}}],"headline":"Where can I get a contraceptive implant?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-implant/who-can-use-it/#who-its-for","description":"The contraceptive implant may not be suitable for you if you have a condition such as breast cancer.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The contraceptive implant is not suitable for everyone.</p><p>The implant may not be suitable if you've ever had:</p><ul><li>a condition affecting your heart or blood vessels (<a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cardiovascular-disease/\">cardiovascular disease</a>), such as a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stroke/\">stroke</a></li><li>a liver condition, such as <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cirrhosis/\">cirrhosis</a></li><li>breast cancer</li><li>unexplained vaginal bleeding</li></ul><p>If you have any of these health conditions, talk to a doctor, nurse or pharmacist about whether the implant is suitable for you.</p><h3>Pregnancy and breastfeeding</h3><p>You can have the contraceptive implant fitted any time after you've given birth.</p><p>If it's fitted before day 21 after the birth, you'll be protected against pregnancy straight away.</p><p>If it's fitted on or after day 21, you'll need to use additional contraception such as condoms for the next 7 days.</p><p>The implant is safe to use while breastfeeding and will not affect your baby or milk supply.</p><h3>Using the implant after a miscarriage or abortion</h3><p>If you’ve had a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/miscarriage/\">miscarriage</a> or <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/abortion/\">abortion</a>, you can have the contraceptive implant fitted as soon as you want to.</p><p>If the implant is fitted within 5 days after a miscarriage or abortion, you’ll be protected from pregnancy immediately.</p><p>If it’s fitted more than 5 days afterwards, you'll need to use another type of contraception, such as condoms, until the implant has been in place for 7 days.</p><p>A doctor or nurse can give you more information.</p>"}],"headline":"Can I use the contraceptive implant?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/InteractionsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-implant/who-can-use-it/#interactions","description":"Some medicines and herbal remedies can stop the contraceptive implant working properly. Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Some medicines and herbal remedies can affect how the contraceptive implant works. It may not work properly to stop you getting pregnant.</p><p>Ask a doctor or pharmacist before having a contraceptive implant fitted if you take medicine to treat TB (tuberculosis), epilepsy or HIV.</p><p>You should also ask for advice if you take griseofulvin (an antifungal medicine), or St John's wort (a herbal remedy).</p>"}],"headline":"Medicines and the contraceptive implant"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-implant/getting-it-fitted-or-removed/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"A contraceptive implant is fitted into a small cut made in your arm. It lasts for 3 years and then needs to be replaced.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>A nurse or doctor will fit the contraceptive implant under the skin of your arm. It takes a few minutes.</p><p>The nurse or doctor will:</p><ul><li>use a local anaesthetic injection or spray so you will not feel pain</li><li>make a small cut in the skin of your upper arm</li><li>put the implant under your skin – it’s about the size of a matchstick and will not be visible once fitted</li><li>seal the cut with a dressing, which you can remove once the cut has healed</li></ul><p>The implant works for 3 years and then needs to be replaced with a new one.</p><p>If there’s a chance you may be pregnant, the doctor or nurse will ask you to do a pregnancy test just before having the implant.</p>"}],"headline":"Having the contraceptive implant fitted"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-implant/getting-it-fitted-or-removed/#effectiveness","description":"The contraceptive implant is over 99%  effective. Less than 1 in 100 women who use it for a year will get pregnant.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The contraceptive implant is over 99% effective. Less than 1 in 100 women who use it for a year will get pregnant.</p><p>The implant will protect against pregnancy immediately if it’s fitted during the first 5 days of your menstrual cycle. The first day of your period is day 1 of your menstrual cycle.</p><p>If the implant is fitted after day 5 of your menstrual cycle, you will not be protected against pregnancy immediately. You’ll need to use another form of contraception such as condoms until you’ve had the implant in for 7 days.</p><p>The contraceptive implant needs to be replaced after 3 years because it becomes less effective at preventing pregnancy.</p><h3>Emergency contraception</h3><p>If it’s not replaced it stops working and there’s a chance you could get pregnant.</p><p>If this happens, you may need emergency contraception. Speak to a pharmacist, sexual health clinic, GP or call 111 for advice, as the contraceptive implant can make some emergency contraception less effective.</p>"}],"headline":"How well does the contraceptive implant work?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-implant/side-effects-and-risks/#side-effects","description":"Commonly reported side effects of the contraceptive implant include changes to your periods, headaches, sore breasts, acne and weight gain.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The contraceptive implant is very safe and serious side effects and complications are rare.</p><h3>Changes to your periods</h3><p>It’s very common to have a change in your periods after you have an implant fitted.</p><p>You may notice your periods:</p><ul><li>are lighter</li><li>are less regular with light bleeding (spotting) between periods</li><li>are heavier or more painful</li><li>last longer</li><li>stop completely</li></ul><p>It’s also possible for your periods to become more unpredictable, for example having a heavy period followed by a very light period, or missing a period.</p><p>These changes are not usually anything to worry about, but if they become a problem for you contact a GP or sexual health clinic.</p><h3>Other reported side effects</h3><p>Other reported side effects of the contraceptive implant include headache, sore breasts, weight gain, acne, and <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/thrush-in-men-and-women/\">thrush</a> or <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bacterial-vaginosis/\">bacterial vaginosis</a>.</p><p>There's not enough evidence to say whether these side effects are caused by the implant.</p><p>If side effects are a problem for you, contact a GP or sexual health clinic for advice.</p>"}],"headline":"Side effects of the contraceptive implant"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SafetyHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-implant/side-effects-and-risks/#safety","description":"The contraceptive implant is very safe and complications are rare. Possible risks include your arm becoming infected and the implant moving.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The contraceptive implant is very safe, but there are some risks including:</p><ul><li>infection where implant is put in – this can lead to swelling and pain at the site of the implant</li><li>the implant moving out of place, usually a few centimetres away from where it was put in</li></ul><p>If you think you have an infection or the implant has moved out of place then contact a GP or sexual health clinic.</p><p>Rarer, more serious risks include:</p><ul><li>a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blood-clots/\">blood clot</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/\">ectopic pregnancy</a> in the rare case that the implant fails</li></ul>"}],"headline":"Risks of the contraceptive implant"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-injection/where-to-get-it/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get the contraceptive injection free on the NHS from sexual health clinics, GP surgeries and young people's services.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS.</p><p>You can get the contraceptive injection free from:</p><ul><li>sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>some GP surgeries</li><li>some young people's services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li></ul>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}}],"headline":"Where can I get the contraceptive injection?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-injection/who-can-get-it/#who-its-for","description":"Speak to a doctor or nurse to find out if the contraceptive injection is suitable for you. It’s safe to use if breastfeeding.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>A doctor or nurse will ask about your medical history to check if the contraceptive injection is suitable for you. The contraceptive injection may not be suitable if you have ever had:</p><ul><li>breast cancer, heart disease or stroke</li><li>a liver condition</li><li>unexplained bleeding between periods or after sex</li></ul><p>The contraceptive injection may also not be recommended for you if more than one of the following apply to you:</p><ul><li>you smoke</li><li>you have diabetes</li><li>you have high blood pressure</li><li>you have high cholesterol</li><li>you're living with obesity</li></ul><p>If these apply to you, speak to the doctor or nurse about your contraception options.</p><h3>Getting the contraceptive injection after giving birth</h3><p>You can have the contraceptive injection at any time after giving birth.</p><p>If you get the injection within 3 weeks (21 days) of giving birth, you’ll be protected from pregnancy immediately.</p><p>If you get the injection more than 3 weeks (21 days) after giving birth, you may not be protected from pregnancy immediately. Ask your GP or health visitor for advice.</p><h4>Breastfeeding and the contraceptive injection</h4><p>It's safe to have the contraceptive injection when you're breastfeeding, and it will not affect your baby or your milk supply.</p><h3>Getting the contraceptive injection after a miscarriage or abortion</h3><p>You can have the contraceptive injection straight after an abortion or miscarriage. You'll be protected against pregnancy immediately.</p><p>If you have the injection 6 days or more after a miscarriage or abortion, you need to use another type of contraception, such as condoms, for 7 days.</p>"}],"headline":"Can I get the contraceptive injection?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/InteractionsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-injection/who-can-get-it/#interactions","description":"Some medicines and herbal remedies can stop the contraceptive injection from working properly. Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Some medicines and herbal remedies can stop the contraceptive injection working properly, and it may not stop you getting pregnant.</p><p>Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice before getting the contraceptive injection if you take medicine to treat conditions including:</p><ul><li>cancer</li><li>TB (tuberculosis)</li><li>epilepsy</li><li>HIV</li><li>high blood pressure</li></ul><p>You should also ask for advice before taking some antifungal medicines, antibiotics or St John’s Wort (a herbal remedy).</p><p>You may need to use another type of contraception.</p>"}],"headline":"The contraceptive injection and other medicines"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-injection/getting-it/#effectiveness","description":"If used correctly, the contraceptive injection is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>When used correctly, the contraceptive injection is more than 99% effective.</p><p>If you get your injection late, it’s 94% effective, which means 6 in 100 women using it will get pregnant in one year.</p><p>Find out <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/contraception/choosing-contraception/how-well-it-works-at-preventing-pregnancy/\">how well contraception works at preventing pregnancy</a>.</p>"}],"headline":"How well the contraceptive injection works"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-injection/getting-it/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"The contraceptive injection is given every 8 to 13 weeks, depending on the type.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The contraceptive injection is given by a doctor or nurse once every 8 to 13 weeks, depending on the type.</p><p>If you prefer, you can choose to do one type of contraceptive injection (Sayana Press) yourself at home. A doctor or nurse can show you how to do this.</p><p>If you use the contraceptive injection for more than 2 years, have a check-up with your doctor to make sure it’s still the right contraception for you.</p><h3>Starting the contraceptive injection</h3><p>If you get your first contraceptive injection in the first 5 days of your menstrual cycle (day 1 is the first day of your period), you will be protected from pregnancy immediately.</p><p>If you get your first contraceptive injection after day 5 of your menstrual cycle, you will not be protected from pregnancy immediately. Use another form of contraception, such as condoms, for 7 days after getting your injection.</p><p>If there’s a chance you could already be pregnant when you get your first contraceptive injection, take a pregnancy test 3 weeks after the last time you had sex without contraception. If you are pregnant, speak to your doctor or nurse for advice.</p><h3>If you’re late for your injection</h3><p>If your injection is due and you do not have it on time, there’s a risk of pregnancy if you have sex without a condom.</p><p>Use condoms until you can get your injection, and for 7 days afterwards.</p><h4>Emergency contraception</h4><p>If you have sex without a condom when late for your injection, you may need <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/contraception/emergency-contraception/\">emergency contraception</a>.</p><p>Speak to a pharmacist, sexual health clinic, GP or call 111 for advice as the contraceptive injection can affect how some emergency contraception works.</p>"}],"headline":"Getting the contraceptive injection"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-injection/side-effects-and-risks/#side-effects","description":"Side effects of the contraceptive injection include changes to periods, weight gain and pain at the injection site.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Common side effects of the contraceptive injection include:</p><ul><li>changes to your periods, such as periods stopping, being irregular or lasting longer – the longer you use it the more likely it is that your periods will stop completely</li><li>putting on weight</li><li>pain, a small lump or a scar where the injection is done</li></ul><p>Some people report acne, lower sex drive, mood changes, hot flushes and headaches. There is not enough evidence to say if the contraceptive injection causes these.</p><p>If you have side effects and they’re a problem for you, speak to a doctor or nurse.</p>"}],"headline":"Side effects of the contraceptive injection"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/RisksOrComplicationsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/contraceptive-injection/side-effects-and-risks/#complications","description":"The contraceptive injection is linked with a very small risk of breast cancer, cervical cancer and bone weakness.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There are some other problems linked to taking the contraceptive injection. But the chance of getting these is small. If you have any concerns, speak to a doctor or nurse.</p><h3>Bone health</h3><p>Using the contraceptive injection for more than 1 year can cause your bones to become weaker.</p><p>Your bones are likely to return to normal after you stop having contraceptive injections.</p><h3>Cancer</h3><p>The contraceptive injection can slightly increase your risk of getting:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer/\">breast cancer</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cervical-cancer/\">cervical cancer</a></li></ul><p>The risk is very small and is likely to get smaller after you stop having the injection.</p>"}],"headline":"Risks of the contraceptive injection"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/progestogen-only-pill/where-to-get-it/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get the progestogen-only pill (mini pill) free on the NHS from sexual health clinics, GP surgeries and young people's services.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS.</p><p>You can get the progestogen-only pill (mini pill) from:</p><ul><li>sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>GP surgeries</li><li>some young people's services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li></ul>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice/","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You can buy some brands of progestogen-only pill in a pharmacy without a prescription.</p><p>A pharmacist may also be able to supply the progestogen-only pill for free without a prescription. Speak to a pharmacist for advice.</p>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/pharmacies/find-a-pharmacy-offering-contraceptive-pill-without-prescription/","name":"Find a pharmacy that offers the contraceptive pill without a prescription"}}],"headline":"Getting the progestogen-only pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/progestogen-only-pill/who-can-take-it/#who-its-for","description":"The progestogen-only pill is not suitable for everyone. A doctor, nurse or pharmacist can discuss with you. It’s safe to take if you’re breastfeeding.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The progestogen-only pill (mini pill) is not suitable for everyone.</p><p>It may not be suitable if you have ever had:</p><ul><li>a condition affecting your heart or blood vessels (<a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cardiovascular-disease/\">cardiovascular disease</a>)</li><li>a stroke</li><li>a liver condition, such as <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cirrhosis/\">cirrhosis</a></li><li>breast cancer</li><li>a condition that affects your kidneys</li></ul><p>If any of these apply to you, talk to a doctor, nurse or pharmacist about whether it’s safe for you to take the progestogen-only pill.</p><h3>If you cannot take contraception with oestrogen</h3><p>The progestogen-only pill does not contain the hormone oestrogen, meaning this type of contraception is suitable for many people who cannot take oestrogen. Ask a doctor, nurse or pharmacist whether it’s safe for you.</p><p>Oestrogen is in the combined pill, contraceptive patch and vaginal ring.</p><h3>Taking the progestogen-only pill after giving birth</h3><p>If you've just had a baby, you can start taking the progestogen-only pill straight away.</p><p>The progestogen-only pill is safe to use when you're breastfeeding.</p>"}],"headline":"Can I take the progestogen-only pill?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/progestogen-only-pill/how-to-take-it/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"The progestogen-only pill (mini pill) needs to be taken at the same time every day. Check the leaflet or ask a doctor, nurse or pharmacist for advice.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You need to take the progestogen-only pill (mini pill) at around the same time every day for it to work properly.</p><p>There are 28 pills in a pack. When you finish a pack, you start a new pack the next day. Do not take a break between packs.</p><p>There are 3 types of progestogen-only pill:</p><ul><li>traditional progestogen-only pill</li><li>desogestrel pill</li><li>drospirenone pill</li></ul><p>Check the packet to see if your pill contains desogestrel or drospirenone. Whichever type you have, it's important to take 1 pill at the same time every day.</p><p>If you forget to take your pill at the usual time, take it as soon as you remember.</p><p>You’ll still be protected against pregnancy if you:</p><ul><li>take your traditional progestogen-only pill within 3 hours of the time you usually take it</li><li>take your desogestrel pill within 12 hours of the time you usually take it</li><li>take your drospirenone pill within 24 hours of the time you usually take it</li></ul>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Information","text":"<p>For more information about how to take the progestogen-only pill, check the leaflet that comes with it, or speak to a doctor, nurse or pharmacist.</p>"}],"headline":"When to take your progestogen-only pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/progestogen-only-pill/how-to-take-it/#effectiveness","description":"If you take the progestogen-only pill (mini pill) correctly, it’s more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The progestogen-only pill is over 99% effective if taken correctly all the time.</p><p>If the progestogen-only pill is not taken correctly all the time, it’s 91% effective. This means around 9 in 100 women will get pregnant in a year. Not taking it correctly includes missing a pill or taking it at the wrong time of day.</p>"}],"headline":"How well the progestogen-only pill works"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/InteractionsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/progestogen-only-pill/how-to-take-it/#interactions","description":"Some medicines and herbal remedies can stop the progestogen-only pill (mini pill) from working properly. Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Some medicines and herbal remedies can affect how the progestogen-only pill works. This means it may not stop you getting pregnant.</p><p>Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking the progestogen-only pill if you take medicine to treat TB (tuberculosis), epilepsy or HIV.</p><p>You should also ask for advice if you take griseofulvin (an antifungal medicine), lamotrigine (a mood stabiliser), or St John's wort (a herbal remedy).</p><p>You may need to use another type of contraception instead.</p><p>You may not be able to take the drospirenone pill if you take some types of diuretics (tablets that make you pee more) or potassium supplements.</p>"}],"headline":"Medicines and herbal remedies that affect the progestogen-only pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/progestogen-only-pill/side-effects-and-risks/#side-effects","description":"The progestogen-only pill (mini pill) has few side effects. It can sometimes make your periods lighter, more frequent or stop altogether.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The progestogen-only pill (mini pill) has few side effects.</p><p>The progestogen-only pill may change your periods.</p><p>It can affect periods in different ways. Your periods may be lighter, more frequent or may stop altogether. You may get some bleeding (spotting) between periods.</p><p>Some people may get acne, mood swings, weight gain or changes to sex drive (libido). But there's not enough evidence to say whether these are caused by the progestogen-only pill.</p><p>Speak to a pharmacist or doctor if you have side effects that are a problem for you.</p>"}],"headline":"Side effects of the progestogen-only pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/RisksOrComplicationsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/progestogen-only-pill/side-effects-and-risks/#complications","description":"Taking the progestogen-only pill may lead to ovarian cysts. These are not dangerous and often disappear without treatment.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There is a chance you could develop fluid-filled sacs on your ovaries (ovarian cysts) when taking the progestogen-only pill. These cysts are not dangerous and do not usually need to be removed.</p><p>The cysts often disappear without treatment. They do not usually cause symptoms, although you may feel pain in the lower part of your tummy (<a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pelvic-pain/\">pelvic pain</a>).</p><p>Find out more about <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ovarian-cyst/\">ovarian cysts</a>, including symptoms and treatment.</p><p>There may be a possible link between the progestogen-only pill and breast cancer, but the evidence is limited. If there’s any increased chance of breast cancer, the risk is still very small.</p>"}],"headline":"Risks of the progestogen-only pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/combined-pill/where-to-get-it/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get the combined pill free on the NHS from sexual health clinics, GP surgeries and young people's services.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS.</p><p>You can get the combined pill from:</p><ul><li>sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>GP surgeries</li><li>some pharmacies</li><li>some young people's services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information) </li></ul>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice/","name":"Find contraception information and advice services"}},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>A pharmacist may be able to supply the combined pill for free without a prescription. Speak to a pharmacist for advice. </p>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/pharmacies/find-a-pharmacy-offering-contraceptive-pill-without-prescription/","name":"Find a pharmacy that offers the contraceptive pill without a prescription"}}],"headline":"Where can I get the combined pill?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/combined-pill/who-can-take-it/#who-its-for","description":"The combined pill is not suitable for everyone. Ask a doctor, nurse or pharmacist whether it’s suitable for you. It’s safe to take if breastfeeding.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The combined contraceptive pill (also called the pill) is not suitable for everyone.</p><p>You may not be able to take it if you’re living with obesity, or you’re aged 35 or over and you smoke.</p><p>The pill may not be suitable if you have ever had:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blood-clots/\">blood clots</a>, or a family member had blood clots under the age of 45</li><li>narrowed or blocked arteries, or a stroke</li><li>a heart problem, heart disease, or high blood pressure</li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/migraine/\">migraines</a> with warning signs called aura</li><li>breast cancer</li><li>gallbladder or bile duct problems</li><li>liver cancer or severe <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cirrhosis/\">cirrhosis</a></li><li>complications due to <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/diabetes/\">diabetes</a></li></ul><p>If any of these apply to you, talk to a doctor, nurse or pharmacist about whether it’s safe for you to take the pill.</p><h3><b>Taking the combined pill for acne and heavy or painful periods</b></h3><p>Taking the combined pill usually makes your periods regular, lighter and less painful.</p><p>The pill may also help the symptoms of:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pre-menstrual-syndrome/\">premenstrual syndrome (PMS)</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/endometriosis/\">endometriosis</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/polycystic-ovary-syndrome-pcos/\">polycystic ovary syndrome</a> (PCOS)</li><li>severe <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acne/\">acne</a></li></ul><p>If you have painful or heavy periods, or problem acne, ask a GP or pharmacist whether the pill could help with your symptoms.</p><h3>Taking the combined pill after birth or when breastfeeding</h3><p>If you have just had a baby and are not breastfeeding, you can usually start the pill on day 21 after the birth, but check with a midwife, health visitor, doctor, nurse or pharmacist first. You’ll need to use another type of contraception, such as condoms, for 7 days after you start taking the pill.</p><p>If you’re breastfeeding, you should wait 6 weeks after giving birth before you start taking the pill. You’ll need to use a different method of contraception, such as condoms, until then and for 7 days after you start taking the pill.</p><h3>Taking the combined pill after a miscarriage or abortion</h3><p>If you’re less than 24 weeks pregnant and have a miscarriage or abortion, you can start taking the pill straight away. If you start taking it within 5 days you’ll be protected from pregnancy immediately.</p><p>If you start the pill more than 5 days after a miscarriage or abortion, use another type of contraception, such as condoms, until you’ve taken the pill for 7 days.</p><p>If you’re more than 24 weeks pregnant and have a miscarriage, you can usually start the pill on day 21 after the miscarriage. Use another type of contraception, such as condoms, for 7 days after you start taking the pill.</p>"}],"headline":"Can I take the combined pill?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/combined-pill/how-to-take-it/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"There are 2 main types of combined pill that you take in different ways. Check the leaflet or ask a doctor, nurse or pharmacist for advice.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There are 2 main types of combined pill (also called the pill).</p><h3>Everyday (ED) pill</h3><p>You take the everyday (ED) pill every day.</p><p>Each packet comes with 7 dummy pills that do not contain any hormones. These are a different colour to the active pills.</p><h3>21-day pill</h3><p>You take the 21-day pill for 21 days, then have a break (not taking a pill) for 7 days.</p><p>Sometimes a doctor may recommend taking the 21-day pill with a shorter break of 4 days (tailored regime) or without a break (continuous regime).</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Information","text":"<p>For more information, check the leaflet that comes with your pills, or speak to a doctor, nurse or pharmacist.</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>With both types of pill, you’ll usually have bleeding like a period when you take the dummy pills or have the 7-day break.</p>"}],"headline":"Taking different types of combined pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/combined-pill/how-to-take-it/#effectiveness","description":"If taken correctly, the combined pill is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You need to take the combined pill at the same time every day for it to work properly.</p><p>When used correctly all the time, the pill is more than 99% effective.</p><p>If not used correctly, it’s 91% effective and about 9 in 100 women will get pregnant in a year. This is because things can go wrong, for example you might forget to take a pill.</p>"}],"headline":"How well the combined pill works"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/InteractionsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/combined-pill/how-to-take-it/#interactions","description":"Some medicines and herbal remedies can stop the combined pill from working properly. Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Some medicines and herbal remedies can affect how the combined pill works. The pill may not work properly to stop you getting pregnant.</p><p>Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking the pill if you take medicine to treat TB (tuberculosis), epilepsy or HIV.</p><p>You should also ask for advice if you take griseofulvin (an antifungal medicine), lamotrigine (a mood stabiliser), or St John's wort (a herbal remedy).</p><p>You may need to use another type of contraception.</p>"}],"headline":"Medicines and herbal remedies that affect the combined pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/combined-pill/side-effects/#side-effects","description":"Taking the combined pill can change your periods and some people get bleeding between periods. For others it can improve PMS (premenstrual syndrome).","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You may have some side effects when you first start taking the combined contraceptive pill (also called the pill).</p><p>Bleeding between periods (breakthrough bleeding) or changes to your periods are common in the first few months.</p><p>Taking the pill can cause high blood pressure in a small number of people.</p><p>Some people report headaches, feeling sick or dizzy, and sore breasts. But there is not enough evidence to say whether this is caused by taking the pill.</p><p>For some people the pill improves period pain and other symptoms linked to periods, such as headaches.</p><p>There is no evidence that taking the pill makes you put on weight or changes your sex drive.</p><p>If you still have side effects after 3 months and they’re a problem for you, speak to a pharmacist or doctor. It may help to change to a different pill.</p>"}],"headline":"Common side effects of the combined pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/RisksOrComplicationsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/combined-pill/side-effects/#complications","description":"The combined pill is linked to a very small risk of problems like blood clots. A healthcare professional will check your risk before prescribing it.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>There are some other problems linked to taking the combined pill. But the chance of getting these is small.</p><h3>Blood clots</h3><p>The risk of getting a blood clot is very small and affects up to 1 in 1,000 people using combined hormonal contraception like the pill.</p><p>A doctor, nurse or pharmacist will check if you have certain risk factors before prescribing the pill.</p><p>There is a potential risk of:</p><ul><li>a blood clot in your leg or lung</li><li>a blood clot causing a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/heart-attack/\">heart attack</a></li><li>a blood clot causing a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/stroke/\">stroke</a></li></ul><p>Find out more about <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blood-clots/\">blood clots</a>, including symptoms and when to get help.</p><h3>Cancer</h3><p>Taking the pill can slightly increase your risk of getting:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/breast-cancer/\">breast cancer</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cervical-cancer/\">cervical cancer</a></li></ul><p>But your risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer goes back to normal 10 years after you stop taking the pill.</p><p>Taking the pill can also lower your risk of getting:</p><ul><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/womb-cancer/\">womb (uterus) cancer</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ovarian-cancer/\">ovarian cancer</a></li><li><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/bowel-cancer/\">bowel cancer</a></li></ul>"}],"headline":"Risks of the combined pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/female-sterilisation/find-out-about-it/#who-its-for","description":"Female sterilisation may be suitable if you already have children and do not want any more, or you do not want to have children.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Female sterilisation is a permanent type of contraception.</p><p>It may be suitable if:</p><ul><li>you already have children and do not want any more</li><li>you do not want to have children</li></ul><p>Other types of long-term contraception are usually offered first because they are not permanent.</p>"}],"headline":"Who can have a female sterilisation"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/female-sterilisation/find-out-about-it/#effectiveness","description":"Female sterilisation is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Female sterilisation is more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy.</p><p>It’s one of the most effective types of contraception, but rarely it’s possible for the operation not to work.</p>"}],"headline":"How well does female sterilisation work?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/female-sterilisation/find-out-about-it/#how-to-get-it","description":"Make an appointment at your GP surgery or a sexual health clinic if you’re thinking about having a sterilisation.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Contraception services are free and confidential on the NHS. This includes female sterilisation.</p><p>Make an appointment at your GP surgery or a sexual health clinic if you’re thinking about having a sterilisation.</p><p>A nurse or doctor will explain what’s involved, the different options available, the possible risks and answer any questions.</p><p>You should be offered counselling to help you decide whether you want to have a sterilisation. You may also want to discuss it with your partner, if you have one. </p><p>If female sterilisation is right for you, you’ll be referred to a hospital for surgery.</p>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/contraception-information-and-advice/","name":"Find contraception advice and information services"}}],"headline":"How to ask for a sterilisation"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/PreparationHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/female-sterilisation/preparation/#preparation","description":"Before a female sterilisation the hospital will give you instructions about what you need to do, including preparing to have a general anaesthetic.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Some time before the surgery, you’ll have a pre-assessment appointment at the hospital. This is to check your health and discuss what will happen during the operation.</p><p>You should keep using your usual contraception right up to the day of your operation.</p><p>If you're having a general anaesthetic, you'll get instructions about not eating or drinking before the operation.</p><h2>If you're pregnant</h2><p>It’s possible to be sterilised at the same time as having a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/caesarean-section/\">caesarean section</a> or an abortion, but you're usually recommended to wait several weeks between the procedures.</p>"}],"headline":"How to prepare for sterilisation"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/WhatHappensHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/female-sterilisation/what-happens/#what-happens","description":"Female sterilisation is done in hospital, usually using keyhole surgery. The procedure takes about 20 to 30 minutes.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Female sterilisation is done in hospital. You'll usually have <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/general-anaesthesia/\">general anaesthetic</a> so that you are asleep during the operation.</p><p>You’ll have a pregnancy test on the day to make sure you're not pregnant.</p><p>The operation is usually done using keyhole surgery (<a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/laparoscopy/\">laparoscopy</a>) and takes 20 to 30 minutes.</p><p>The doctor will:</p><ul><li>make 2 or 3 small cuts in your abdomen, near your belly button</li><li>put gas into your abdomen, to make it easier to see your organs</li><li>use a long, thin tube with a camera (laparoscope) to reach your fallopian tubes</li><li>block your fallopian tubes, or remove part of the tubes and seal them</li><li>close the cut in your abdomen using surgical glue or dissolvable stitches</li></ul><p>If keyhole surgery (laparoscopy) is not possible, the doctor can make a slightly larger cut. This is called a mini-laparotomy.</p>"}],"headline":"How female sterilisation is done"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/PrognosisHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/female-sterilisation/recovery/#recovery","description":"It's common to have some abdominal pain after female sterilisation. Taking ibuprofen or paracetamol should help.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You may have some tummy pain and light bleeding from your vagina for few days after female sterilisation.</p><p>Before you leave the hospital, a doctor or nurse will tell you how to look after your wound and give you advice on which painkillers you can take.</p><p>They'll also give you information about how soon you can get back to your everyday activities.</p><p>This can take longer if you've had a mini-laparotomy rather than keyhole surgery (<a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/laparoscopy/\">laparoscopy</a>). This is because it involves larger cuts to your tummy.</p>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Do","text":"<ul><li><p>stay off work for about 7 days (2 to 4 weeks after a mini-laparotomy)</p></li><li><p>keep your wound clean, following the instructions from the doctor or nurse</p></li><li><p>take ibuprofen or paracetamol to ease any tummy pain</p></li><li><p>put a covered hot water bottle on your tummy for bloating or trapped wind</p></li><li><p>use sanitary pads if you have any light bleeding</p></li></ul>"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Don't","text":"<ul><li><p>do not lift heavy objects or take part in exercise or sport for 7 days (4 to 6 weeks after a mini-laparotomy)</p></li><li><p>do not drive until you can wear a seat belt and do an emergency stop without any tummy pain (up to 6 weeks after a mini-laparotomy)</p></li><li><p>do not to have sex for at least 7 days after the procedure</p></li><li><p>do not use tampons for light bleeding after the procedure</p></li></ul>"}],"headline":"Recovering at home after a sterilisation"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/RisksOrComplicationsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/female-sterilisation/complications/#complications","description":"After female sterilisation there is a small risk of problems such as blood clots, infection or ectopic pregnancy.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Female sterilisation is usually a very safe procedure. But, as with any operation, there are risks. Your doctor will explain these to you.</p><p>Most people who have a sterilisation have no complications. If there are any, they are usually minor and can be treated.</p><p>There is a small risk of serious complications, including blood clots, infection or ectopic pregnancy.  </p><h3>Blood clots or DVT (deep vein thrombosis)</h3><p><a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/blood-clots/\">Blood clots</a> or <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis-dvt/\">DVT (deep vein thrombosis)</a> are possible because of how the blood flows and clots after surgery.</p><p>A blood clot that forms in the leg can sometimes travel to your lungs (<a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/pulmonary-embolism/\">pulmonary embolism</a>). This can cause serious complications.</p><p>To reduce the If your doctor thinks you’re at risk of getting blood clots they might suggest wearing compression stockings or taking <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/anticoagulants/\">anticoagulant medicines</a>.</p><h3>Wound infection or urinary tract infection (UTI)</h3><p>There's a small chance that your wound could get infected after the operation, or you could get a <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/urinary-tract-infections-utis/\">UTI</a>. This is usually treated with antibiotics.</p><h3>Damage to a nerve, artery or organ</h3><p>During the operation itself, there’s a small chance of damaging an organ such as your bowel or bladder, or a major blood vessel (artery) or nerve. The surgical team will usually repair this during surgery.</p><h3>Ectopic pregnancy</h3><p>If the sterilisation has not worked, you can get pregnant. If this happens, there’s a higher chance of having an <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/\">ectopic pregnancy</a>.</p>"}],"headline":"Possible complications of female sterilisation"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/MedicalHelpUrgentHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/female-sterilisation/complications/#urgent-medical-help","description":"","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","identifier":"urgent","headline":"Ask for an urgent GP appointment or get help from NHS 111 if:","text":"<p>\n You’ve recently been sterilised and:\n</p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n  you have a high temperature or feel shivery\n </li>\n<li>\n  your wound is swollen and painful, or leaking blood or pus\n </li>\n<li>\n  one of your legs is swollen, throbbing and warm to the touch\n </li>\n<li>\n  you need to pee frequently or there's burning or stinging when you pee\n </li>\n<li>\n  you have abdominal pain and you're vomiting or have lost your appetite\n </li>\n<li>\n  you have difficulty breathing which comes on suddenly\n </li>\n<li>\n  you're coughing up blood\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n You can call 111 or\n <a href=\"https://111.nhs.uk/triage/check-your-symptoms/\">\n  get help from 111 online\n </a>\n .\n</p>\n"}],"headline":""},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/MedicalHelpEmergencyHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/female-sterilisation/complications/#emergency-medical-help","description":"","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","identifier":"immediate","headline":"Call 999 or go to A&E if:","text":"<ul>\n<li>\n  you have severe difficulty breathing\n </li>\n<li>\n  you feel pain in your chest or upper back\n </li>\n<li>\n  your heart is beating very fast\n </li>\n</ul>\n<p>\n These could be signs of a pulmonary embolism or another serious condition.\n</p>\n<div class=\"block-action_link\">\n<div class=\"nhsuk-action-link\">\n<a class=\"nhsuk-action-link__link\" href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-services/Accident-and-emergency-services/LocationSearch/428/\">\n<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"nhsuk-icon nhsuk-icon__arrow-right-circle\" height=\"36\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"36\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\">\n<path d=\"M0 0h24v24H0z\" fill=\"none\">\n</path>\n<path d=\"M12 2a10 10 0 0 0-9.95 9h11.64L9.74 7.05a1 1 0 0 1 1.41-1.41l5.66 5.65a1 1 0 0 1 0 1.42l-5.66 5.65a1 1 0 0 1-1.41 0 1 1 0 0 1 0-1.41L13.69 13H2.05A10 10 0 1 0 12 2z\">\n</path>\n</svg>\n<span class=\"nhsuk-action-link__text\">\n    Find your nearest A&amp;E\n   </span>\n</a>\n</div>\n</div>"}],"headline":""},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SideEffectsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/emergency-contraceptive-pill-morning-after-pill/side-effects/#side-effects","description":"Common side effects of the emergency contraceptive pill include headache, feeling sick and tummy pain. Serious side effects are rare.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>The emergency contraceptive pill is very safe and serious side effects are rare.</p><p>Common side effects include:</p><ul><li>headache</li><li>feeling sick (nausea)</li><li>period like pain and cramping</li></ul><p>If you’re sick (vomit) within 2 hours after taking an emergency contraceptive pill, you may need to take another dose as soon as possible. Talk to a pharmacist to find out if you need another pill.</p>"}],"headline":"Common side effects of the emergency contraceptive pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/UsageOrScheduleHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/emergency-contraceptive-pill-morning-after-pill/how-to-take-it/#how-its-used-previously-dosage-and-administration","description":"You need to take the emergency contraceptive pill within 3 days or 5 days after sex, depending on the type of pill.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You take 1 emergency contraceptive pill within 3 or 5 days after sex, depending on the type of pill.</p><p>The 2 types of pill are:</p><ul><li>pills with levonorgestrel (brands include Levonelle): you need to take this pill within 3 days (72 hours) after sex</li><li>pills with ulipristal acetate (brands include ellaOne): you need to take this pill within 5 days (120 hours) after sex</li></ul>"}],"headline":"How to take the emergency contraceptive pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/EffectivenessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/emergency-contraceptive-pill-morning-after-pill/how-to-take-it/#effectiveness","description":"The emergency contraceptive pill is very effective at preventing pregnancy. Only around 1 to 2 women in every 100 who take it will get pregnant.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>It’s hard to know exactly how well the emergency contraceptive pill will work for you as this can depend on things like how soon you took it after sex.</p><p>Research suggests that around 1 to 2 women in every 100 who take an emergency contraceptive pill will get pregnant.</p><p>The most effective method of emergency contraception is <a href=\"https://www.nhs.uk/contraception/methods-of-contraception/iud-coil/\">the IUD (copper coil)</a>.</p>"}],"headline":"How well does the emergency contraceptive pill work?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/SuitabilityHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/emergency-contraceptive-pill-morning-after-pill/who-can-take-it/#who-its-for","description":"You should be able to take the emergency contraceptive pill even if you cannot use other hormonal contraception.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You should be able to take the emergency contraceptive pill even if you cannot use other hormonal contraception, such as the combined pill.</p><p>The emergency contraceptive pill may not be suitable for you if you need to take steroid medicines for asthma or if you are overweight.</p><p>A doctor, nurse or pharmacist can discuss with you whether the emergency contraceptive pill is suitable for you.</p><h3>Breastfeeding after taking the emergency pill</h3><p>You’ll need to pause breastfeeding after taking the emergency contraceptive pill.</p><p>How long you need to pause breastfeeding depends on which type of emergency pill you take.</p><p>Speak to a pharmacist or check the information that comes in the emergency pill pack to check how long to avoid breastfeeding.</p><p><a href=\"https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/browse-medicines\">You can also find the information leaflet online by searching for the emergency pill’s brand name on the eMC website</a>.</p>"}],"headline":"Can I take the emergency contraceptive pill?"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/InteractionsHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/emergency-contraceptive-pill-morning-after-pill/who-can-take-it/#interactions","description":"Some medicines and herbal remedies can stop the emergency contraceptive pill from working properly. Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>Ask a doctor or pharmacist for advice before taking the emergency contraceptive pill if you take medicine to treat TB (tuberculosis), epilepsy or HIV.</p><p>You should also ask for advice if you take griseofulvin (an antifungal medicine), or St John's wort (a herbal remedy).</p><p>You may be advised to have an IUD fitted as emergency contraception instead of using the emergency pill.</p>"}],"headline":"Medicines and herbal remedies that affect the emergency contraceptive pill"},{"@type":"HealthTopicContent","hasHealthAspect":"http://schema.org/GettingAccessHealthAspect","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/emergency-contraceptive-pill-morning-after-pill/where-to-get-it/#how-to-get-it","description":"You can get the emergency contraceptive pill from sexual health clinics, GP surgeries, young people’s services and pharmacies.","hasPart":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"","text":"<p>You can get free emergency contraception from:</p><ul><li>most sexual health clinics, also called family planning or contraception clinics</li><li>most GP surgeries</li><li>some NHS walk-in centres</li><li>some young people’s services (call the national sexual health helpline on 0300 123 7123 for more information)</li><li>pharmacies that offer NHS emergency contraception services</li></ul><p>Many pharmacies sell the emergency contraceptive pill in their shops and online.</p>"},{"potentialAction":{"@type":"ViewAction","target":"https://www.nhs.uk/service-search/other-health-services/emergency-contraception","name":"Find emergency contraception services"}}],"headline":"Where to get the emergency contraceptive pill"}],"breadcrumb":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":0,"item":{"@id":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/","name":"Contraception","genre":["Contraception"]}}]},"headline":"Contraception","contentSubTypes":[],"mainEntityOfPage":[{"identifier":"24","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"canonicallinks","headline":"","text":"","mainEntityOfPage":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Methods of contraception","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/methods-of-contraception/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ymf0e\">Find out about different methods of contraception</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Choosing a method of contraception","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/choosing-contraception/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"r14xe\">Things to think about, including how to use each type, side effects and how well it works</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Emergency contraception","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/emergency-contraception/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"9krnc\">Where to get the emergency pill (morning after pill) or IUD</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Where to get contraception","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/contraception/where-to-get-contraception/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"vz2x4\">Find out where to get all methods of contraception</p>","name":"link"}]}],"webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/contraception/"}}}},"4XX":{"description":"An error occurred as follows:\n\n| HTTP status | Error code                 | Description |\n| ----------- | -------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |\n| 401         | ACCESS_DENIED              | API key missing, invalid or expired, or calling application not configured for this operation. |\n| 403         | ACCESS_DENIED              | User cannot perform this action. |\n| 404         | RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND         | Page not found. |\n| 429         | TOO_MANY_REQUESTS          | You have exceeded your application's [rate limit](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/reference-guide#rate-limits). |\n"}}}},"/vaccinations":{"get":{"summary":"Get content from the vaccinations hub","operationId":"get-vaccinations","description":"## Overview\n\nThe [vaccinations hub](https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/) contains a number of navigational and content pages.\n\nThe content of the page is taken from the `mainEntityOfPage` part of the response. This includes the navigational links to child pages.\n\nAt the top level, modularised content of child pages is highlighted by the `hasPart` field. In child pages, only the individual page is shown.\n","responses":{"200":{"description":"A valid query for the vaccinations pages.\n","content":{"application/json":{"schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"copyrightHolder":{"type":"object","properties":{"name":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"}}},"license":{"type":"string"},"author":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"logo":{"type":"string"},"email":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"about":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"description":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"breadcrumb":{"type":"object","properties":{"@context":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"itemListElement":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"position":{"type":"integer"},"item":{"type":"object","properties":{"@id":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"}}}},"required":["@type","position","item"]}}}},"interactionStatistic":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"interactionService":{"type":"object","properties":{"url":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}}},"@type":{"type":"string"}},"required":["interactionService","@type"]}},"genre":{"type":"string"},"significantLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"},"@type":{"type":"string"},"articleStatus":{"type":"string"},"mainEntityOfPage":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"genre":{"type":"string"},"datePublished":{"type":"string"},"dateModified":{"type":"string"},"lastReviewed":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"reviewDue":{"type":"string"},"keywords":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"string"}},"code":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"codeValue":{"type":"string"},"codingSystem":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","codeValue","codingSystem"]}}}},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"}},"required":["description","linkRelationship","@type","articleStatus","mainEntityOfPage","url","name"]}},"relatedLink":{"type":"array","items":{"type":"object","properties":{"@type":{"type":"string"},"url":{"type":"string"},"name":{"type":"string"},"description":{"type":"string"},"linkRelationship":{"type":"string"}},"required":["@type","url","name","description","linkRelationship"]}},"webpage":{"type":"string"}}},"example":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"MedicalWebPage","name":"Vaccinations","copyrightHolder":{"name":"Crown Copyright","@type":"Organization"},"license":"https://developer.api.nhs.uk/terms","author":{"url":"https://www.nhs.uk","logo":"https://assets.nhs.uk/nhsuk-cms/images/nhs-attribution.width-510.png","email":"nhswebsite.servicedesk@nhs.net","@type":"Organization","name":"NHS website"},"about":{"@type":"WebPage","name":"Vaccinations","alternateName":""},"description":"Find out about vaccinations for babies, children and adults, including why they're important and how to get them.","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/","genre":[],"keywords":"","dateModified":"2024-04-02T06:41:25+00:00","hasPart":[],"breadcrumb":{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":0,"item":{"@id":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/","name":"Vaccinations","genre":[]}}]},"headline":"Vaccinations","contentSubTypes":[],"mainEntityOfPage":[{"identifier":"23","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"toptasks","headline":"","text":"","mainEntityOfPage":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"View vaccinations in your GP health record","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/nhs-services/gps/view-your-gp-health-record/","identifier":"26","text":"","name":"link"}]},{"identifier":"24","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"canonicallinks","headline":"","text":"","mainEntityOfPage":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"NHS vaccinations and when to have them","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/nhs-vaccinations-and-when-to-have-them/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"hni8s\">Check the NHS vaccination schedule to find out what vaccines are recommended for you or your child</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Why vaccination is important and the safest way to protect yourself","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/why-vaccination-is-important-and-the-safest-way-to-protect-yourself/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"hni8s\">Find out how vaccines work, what they contain and common side effects</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Booking your child's vaccination appointment","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/booking-your-childs-vaccination-appointment/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"hni8s\">Find out how to book vaccination appointments for your child</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Vaccination tips for parents","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/vaccination-tips-for-parents/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"hni8s\">Advice about how to help your child&#x27;s vaccination appointment go smoothly and what to expect afterwards</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Vaccinations in pregnancy","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/pregnancy/keeping-well/vaccinations/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"hni8s\">Advice about vaccinations during pregnancy, including recommended vaccines such as the whooping cough vaccine</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Travel vaccinations","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/travel-vaccinations/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"62yal\">Advice about getting vaccinated before travelling abroad and information about common travel vaccines such as the yellow fever vaccine</p>","name":"link"}]},{"identifier":"24","@type":"WebPageElement","name":"secondarycanonicallinks","headline":"","text":"","mainEntityOfPage":[{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"4-in-1 pre-school booster","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/4-in-1-preschool-booster-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For children aged 3 years, 4 months old to help protect against 4 serious illnesses</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"6-in-1 vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/6-in-1-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For babies when they&#x27;re 8, 12 and 16 weeks old to help protect against 6 serious illnesses</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"BCG vaccine for tuberculosis (TB)","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/bcg-vaccine-for-tuberculosis-tb/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For babies, children and adults at higher risk of getting tuberculosis (TB)</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Chickenpox vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/chickenpox-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For people in close contact with someone at a higher risk of getting seriously ill from chickenpox</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"COVID-19 vaccination","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/covid-19/covid-19-vaccination/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For people at higher risk from COVID-19, including adults aged 65 and over and people with certain health conditions</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Flu vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/flu-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For people at higher risk from flu, including adults aged 65 and over and people with certain health conditions</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Flu vaccine for children","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/child-flu-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For most children to help stop them catching or spreading flu</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Hepatitis B vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/hepatitis-b-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For babies, children and adults at higher risk of getting hepatitis B</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Hib/MenC vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/hib-menc-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For babies when they’re 1 year old to help protect against Hib and meningitis</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"HPV vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/hpv-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For all children aged 12 to 13 years old and people at higher risk of getting HPV</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"MenACWY vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/menacwy-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For all teenagers and people at higher risk of getting meningitis</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"MenB vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/menb-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For babies when they&#x27;re 8 weeks, 16 weeks and 1 year old to help protect against meningitis</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"MMR vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/mmr-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For children when they&#x27;re 1 year old and 3 years, 4 months old to help protect against measles, mumps and rubella</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Pneumococcal vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/pneumococcal-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For people at higher risk of pneumococcal infections, such as babies and adults aged 65 and over</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Rotavirus vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/rotavirus-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For babies when they&#x27;re 8 and 12 weeks old to help protect against a common stomach bug called rotavirus</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Shingles vaccine","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/shingles-vaccine/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For people at higher risk from shingles, including adults turning 65 years old and those aged 70 to 79</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Td/IPV vaccine (3-in-1 teenage booster)","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/vaccinations/td-ipv-vaccine-3-in-1-teenage-booster/","identifier":"26","text":"<p data-block-key=\"ugcqg\">For all teenagers and people at higher risk of tetanus, diphtheria or polio</p>","name":"link"}]}],"webpage":"https://www.nhs.uk/vaccinations/"}}}},"4XX":{"description":"An error occurred as follows:\n\n| HTTP status | Error code                 | Description |\n| ----------- | -------------------------- | --------------------------------------------- |\n| 401         | ACCESS_DENIED              | API key missing, invalid or expired, or calling application not configured for this operation. |\n| 403         | ACCESS_DENIED              | User cannot perform this action. |\n| 404         | RESOURCE_NOT_FOUND         | Page not found. |\n| 429         | TOO_MANY_REQUESTS          | You have exceeded your application's [rate limit](https://digital.nhs.uk/developer/guides-and-documentation/reference-guide#rate-limits). |\n"}}}},"/womens-health":{"get":{"summary":"Get content from the women's health hub","operationId":"get-womens-health","description":"## Overview\n\nThe [women's health hub](https://www.nhs.uk/womens-health/) contains a number of navigational and content pages.\n\nThe content of the page is taken from the `mainEntityOfPage` part of the response. 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one</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"ADHD","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder-adhd/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Women and girls with ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) are more likely to go undiagnosed</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Anaemia","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/womens-health/anaemia/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Signs of anaemia, how to prevent it and where to get help</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Autism","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/autism/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Women and girls can show different symptoms of neurodiverse conditions like autism</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Bladder and urinary health","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/womens-health/bladder-and-urinary-health/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Including urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney infections and leaking pee</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Bone, joint and muscle health","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/womens-health/bone-joint-and-muscle-health/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Including arthritis, osteoporosis and fibromyalgia</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Breast health","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/womens-health/breast-health/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Including breast pain, breast lumps and breast screening</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Cancer","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/womens-health/cancer/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Cancers that can affect women, and cancer screening for women</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Dementia","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/dementia/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Some types of dementia, such as Alzheimer&#x27;s, affect more women than men</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Domestic violence, abuse or rape","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/womens-health/domestic-violence-abuse-or-rape/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>What to do if you experience domestic violence, abuse or rape</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Heart health","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/womens-health/heart-health/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Including heart attack and palpitations</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"HRT (hormone replacement therapy)","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/medicines/hormone-replacement-therapy-hrt/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Find out about different types of HRT to treat symptoms of menopause and perimenopause</p>","name":"link"},{"@type":"WebPageElement","headline":"Infertility","url":"https://api.service.nhs.uk/nhs-website-content/conditions/infertility/","identifier":"26","text":"<p>Information on fertility problems and 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In child pages, only the individual page is highlighted.\n","responses":{"200":{"description":"A valid query for the baby 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