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["Baseline assessment: Thyroid disease: assessment and management"]
["NG145"]
[]
[]
["Published: 20 November 2019"]
["Updated: 12 October 2023"]

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["Baseline assessment tool for thyroid disease: assessment and management (NICE guideline NG145)"]
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["This baseline assessment tool can be used to evaluate whether practice is in line with the recommendations in Thyroid disease: assessment and management.  It can also help to plan activity to meet the recommendations."]
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["The tool can be used by individual services or organisations. Alternatively, an assessment completed with the involvement of all relevant services or organisations would help to develop a picture of activity in the local area."]
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["It should be used in conjunction with thyroid disease: assessment and management (NICE guideline NG145)."]
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["In the first instance, consider whether the guideline is relevant and record the conclusion in the box below."]
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["Is the guideline relevant?"]
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["The data sheet contains the recommendations from the guideline. Information can be entered about current activity relevant to the recommendation, actions needed to meet the recommendation, deadlines and the names of the responsible leads.  Useful documents can be added as hyperlinks."]
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["The table can be adapted to include any other local information that is thought to be useful."]
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["If it would be helpful to group the recommendations, for example those that are key priorities for implementation or by deadline, use the filter function in the data menu. "]
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["Tools and resources to help put the guidance into practice are available on the NICE website. "]
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["National Institute for Health and Care Excellence\nLevel 1A, City Tower, Piccadilly Plaza, Manchester M1 4BT; www.nice.org.uk\n\nCopyright\n© NICE 2023. All rights reserved. Subject to Notice of rights.\n"]

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["Baseline assessment tool for thyroid disease: assessment and management (NICE guideline NG145)"]
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[null,null,null,null,"Number of recommendations met",{"$f":"COUNTIF(F8:F154,\"Yes\")","v":0}]
[null,null,null,null,"Percentage of recommendations met",{"$f":"IF(ISERROR(F4/F3),\"\",F4/F3)","v":""}]
[]
["NICE recommendation","Guideline reference","When the recommendation was originally published (and when it was updated).","Is the recommendation relevant?","Current activity/evidence","Recommendation met?","Actions needed to implement recommendation","Is there a risk associated with not implementing this recommendation?","Is there a cost or saving?","Deadline","Lead"]
["1.1  Information for people with thyroid disease, their families and carers"]
["Presenting information"]
["Ensure that information is presented to facilitate shared decision making, as recommended in the NICE guideline on shared decision making.","1.1.1",2021]
["General information"]
["Explain to people with thyroid disease who need treatment, and their family or carers if appropriate, that:\n•\tThyroid disease usually responds well to treatment. \n•\tThe goal of treatment is to alleviate symptoms and align thyroid function tests within or close to the reference range.\n•\tPeople may feel well even when their thyroid function tests are outside the reference range.\n•\tEven when there are no symptoms, treatment may be advised to reduce the risk of long-term complications.\n•\tEven when thyroid function tests are within the reference range, changes to treatment may improve symptoms for some people.\n•\tSymptoms may lag behind treatment changes for several weeks to months.\n•\tDay-to-day changes in unexplained symptoms are unlikely to be due to underlying thyroid disease because the body has a large reservoir of thyroxine.","1.1.2",2019]
["Provide people with thyroid disease, and their family or carers if appropriate, with written and verbal information on:\n•\ttheir underlying condition, including the role and function of the thyroid gland and what the thyroid function tests mean\n•\trisks of over- and under-treatment\n•\ttheir medicines\n•\tneed for and frequency of monitoring \n•\twhen to seek advice from a healthcare professional\n•\thow thyroid disease and medicines may affect pregnancy and fertility.\nSee the recommendations on testing for coeliac disease in people with a diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease in the NICE guideline on coeliac disease.","1.1.3",2019]
["Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)  "]
["Provide people with hypothyroidism, and their family or carers if appropriate, with written and verbal information on:\n•\tpossible drug interactions of thyroid hormone replacements, including interactions with over-the-counter medicines\n•\thow and when to take levothyroxine.","1.1.4",2019]
["Thyrotoxicosis (overactive thyroid)"]
["Provide people with thyrotoxicosis, and their family or carers if appropriate, with written and verbal information on: \n•\tthe different causes of thyrotoxicosis\n•\tthe consequences of untreated thyrotoxicosis\n•\tthe suitability of individual treatment options (for example, antithyroid drugs may be more suitable for mild uncomplicated Graves’ disease, surgery may be best for an enlarged thyroid causing compression, radioactive iodine is not usually suitable before puberty)\n•\tthe possible benefits/advantages of the treatment options (for example, antithyroid drugs and radioactive iodine are non-invasive treatments, surgery offers rapid relief of symptoms and there is no need to delay pregnancy or fathering a child)\n•\tthe possible risks/disadvantages of the treatment options (for example, antithyroid drugs may have side effects, radioactive iodine means limited contact with other people for a few weeks and a need to delay pregnancy or fathering a child, surgery is an invasive treatment that leaves scarring on the neck)"]
["•\tthe risk of and impact of different treatment options on new and existing thyroid eye disease (for example, radioactive iodine may precipitate or worsen thyroid eye disease)\n•\tthe need for thyroid hormone replacement if treatment leads to life-long hypothyroidism.","1.1.5",2019]
["Thyroid enlargement (also known as goitre)"]
["Provide people with thyroid enlargement, and their family or carers if appropriate, with written and verbal information on\n•\tthe causes of thyroid enlargement, including the fact that goitre and nodules are common and are usually not cancerous\n•\tred flag symptoms to look out for (for example, shortness of breath, rapid growth of nodules, hoarse voice, swallowing difficulties)\n•\ttreatment options.","1.1.6",2019]
["1.2   Investigating suspected thyroid dysfunction "]
["Indications for tests for thyroid dysfunction"]
["Consider tests for thyroid dysfunction for adults, children and young people if there is a clinical suspicion of thyroid disease, but bear in mind that 1 symptom alone may not be indicative of thyroid disease.","1.2.1",2019]
["Offer tests for thyroid dysfunction to adults, children and young people with: \n•\ttype 1 diabetes or other autoimmune diseases, or\n•\tnew-onset atrial fibrillation. ","1.2.2",2019]
["Consider tests for thyroid dysfunction for adults, children and young people with depression or unexplained anxiety.","1.2.3",2019]
["Consider tests for thyroid dysfunction for children and young people with abnormal growth, or unexplained change in behaviour or school performance.","1.2.4",2019]
["Be aware that in menopausal women symptoms of thyroid dysfunction may be mistaken for menopause.","1.2.5",2019]
["Do not test for thyroid dysfunction during an acute illness unless you suspect the acute illness is due to thyroid dysfunction, because the acute illness may affect the test results.","1.2.6",2019]
["Do not offer testing for thyroid dysfunction solely because an adult, child or young person has type 2 diabetes.","1.2.7",2019]
["Tests when thyroid dysfunction is suspected"]
["Consider measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) alone for adults when secondary thyroid dysfunction (pituitary disease) is not suspected. Then:\n•\tIf the TSH is above the reference range, measure free thyroxine (FT4) in the same sample\n•\tIf the TSH is below the reference range, measure FT4 and free tri-iodothyronine (FT3) in the same sample.","1.2.8",2019]
["Consider measuring both TSH and FT4 for:\n•\tadults when secondary thyroid dysfunction (pituitary disease) is suspected\n•\tchildren and young people. \nIf the TSH is below the reference range, measure FT3 in the same sample.","1.2.9",2019]
["Consider repeating the tests for thyroid dysfunction in recommendations 1.2.8 or 1.2.9 if symptoms worsen or new symptoms develop (but no sooner than 6 weeks from the most recent test).","1.2.10",2019]
["Ask adults, children and young people with suspected thyroid dysfunction about their biotin intake because a high consumption of biotin from dietary supplements may lead to falsely high or low test results. ","1.2.11",2023]
["1.3   Managing primary hypothyroidism"]
["Tests for people with confirmed primary hypothyroidism"]
["Adults"]
["Consider measuring thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs) for adults with TSH levels above the reference range, but do not repeat TPOAbs testing.","1.3.1",2019]
["Children and young people"]
["Measure TPOAbs for children and young people with TSH levels above the reference range, with possible repeat TPOAbs testing at the time of transition to adult services.","1.3.2",2019]
["Managing primary hypothyroidism "]
["Offer levothyroxine as first-line treatment for adults, children and young people with primary hypothyroidism.","1.3.3",2019]
["Do not routinely offer liothyronine for primary hypothyroidism, either alone or in combination with levothyroxine, because there is not enough evidence that it offers benefits over levothyroxine monotherapy, and its long-term adverse effects are uncertain.","1.3.4",2019]
["Do not offer natural thyroid extract for primary hypothyroidism because there is not enough evidence that it offers benefits over levothyroxine, and its long-term adverse effects are uncertain.","1.3.5",2019]
["Adults"]
["Consider starting levothyroxine at a dosage of 1.6 micrograms per kilogram of body weight per day (rounded to the nearest 25 micrograms) for adults under 65 with primary hypothyroidism and no history of cardiovascular disease.","1.3.6",2019]
["Consider starting levothyroxine at a dosage of 25 to 50 micrograms per day with titration for adults aged 65 and over and adults with a history of cardiovascular disease.  ","1.3.7",2019]
["1.4  Follow-up and monitoring of primary hypothyroidism"]
["Tests for follow-up and monitoring of primary hypothyroidism"]
["Aim to maintain TSH levels within the reference range when treating primary hypothyroidism with levothyroxine. If symptoms persist, consider adjusting the dose of levothyroxine further to achieve optimal wellbeing, but avoid using doses that cause TSH suppression or thyrotoxicosis.","1.4.1",2019]
["Be aware that the TSH level can take up to 6 months to return to the reference range for people who had a very high TSH level before starting treatment with levothyroxine or a prolonged period of untreated hypothyroidism. Take this into account when adjusting the dose of levothyroxine.","1.4.2",2019]
["Adults"]
["For adults who are taking levothyroxine for primary hypothyroidism, consider measuring TSH every 3 months until the level has stabilised (2 similar measurements within the reference range 3 months apart), and then once a year.","1.4.3",2019]
["Consider measuring FT4 as well as TSH for adults who continue to have symptoms of hypothyroidism after starting levothyroxine.","1.4.4",2019]
["Children and young people aged 2 years and over"]
["For children aged 2 years and over and young people taking levothyroxine for primary hypothyroidism, consider measuring FT4 and TSH:\n•\tevery 6 to 12 weeks until the TSH level has stabilised (2 similar measurements within the reference range 3 months apart), then\n•\tevery 4 to 6 months until after puberty, then\n•\tonce a year.","1.4.5",2019]
["Children under 2 years"]
["For children aged between 28 days and 2 years who are taking levothyroxine for primary hypothyroidism, consider measuring FT4 and TSH:\n•\tevery 4 to 8 weeks until the TSH level has stabilised (2 similar measurements within the reference range 2 months apart), then\n•\tevery 2 to 3 months during the first year of life, and\n•\tevery 3 to 4 months during the second year of life.","1.4.6",2019]
["1.5   Managing and monitoring subclinical hypothyroidism"]
["Tests for people with confirmed subclinical hypothyroidism"]
["Adults"]
["Consider measuring TPOAbs for adults with TSH levels above the reference range, but do not repeat TPOAbs testing.","1.5.1",2019]
["Treating subclinical hypothyroidism"]
["When discussing whether or not to start treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism, take into account features that might suggest underlying thyroid disease, such as symptoms of hypothyroidism, previous radioactive iodine treatment or thyroid surgery, or raised levels of thyroid autoantibodies.","1.5.2",2019]
["Adults"]
["Consider levothyroxine for adults with subclinical hypothyroidism who have a TSH of 10 mlU/litre or higher on 2 separate occasions 3 months apart. Follow the recommendations in section 1.4 on follow-up and monitoring of hypothyroidism.","1.5.3",2019]
["Consider a 6-month trial of levothyroxine for adults under 65 with subclinical hypothyroidism who have:\n•\ta TSH above the reference range but lower than 10 mlU/litre on 2 separate occasions 3 months apart, and \n•\tsymptoms of hypothyroidism.\nIf symptoms do not improve after starting levothyroxine, re-measure TSH and if the level remains raised, adjust the dose. If symptoms persist when serum TSH is within the reference range, consider stopping levothyroxine and follow the recommendations on monitoring untreated subclinical hypothyroidism and monitoring after stopping treatment.","1.5.4",2019]
["Children and young people aged 2 years and over"]
["Consider levothyroxine for children aged 2 years and over and young people with subclinical hypothyroidism who have: \n•\ta TSH level of 20 mlU/litre or higher, or\n•\ta TSH level between 10 and 20 mlU/litre on 2 separate occasions 3 months apart, or\n•\ta TSH level between 5 and 10 mlU/litre on 2 separate occasions 3 months apart, and\n-\tthyroid dysgenesis (an underdeveloped thyroid gland), or\n-\tsigns or symptoms of thyroid dysfunction.\nDuring levothyroxine treatment, follow the recommendations in section 1.4 on follow-up and monitoring.","1.5.5",2019]
["Children under 2 years"]
["Consider levothyroxine for children aged between 28 days and 2 years with subclinical hypothyroidism who have a TSH level of 10 mlU/litre or higher. During levothyroxine treatment, follow the recommendations in section 1.4 on follow-up and monitoring.","1.5.6",2019]
["Monitoring untreated subclinical hypothyroidism and monitoring after stopping treatment"]
["Adults"]
["For adults with untreated subclinical hypothyroidism or adults who have stopped levothyroxine treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism, consider measuring TSH and FT4:\n•\tonce a year if they have features suggesting underlying thyroid disease, such as previous thyroid surgery or raised levels of thyroid autoantibodies, or \n•\tonce every 2 to 3 years if they have no features suggesting underlying thyroid disease.","1.5.7",2019]
["Children and young people"]
["Consider measuring TSH and FT4 for children aged 2 years and over and young people with untreated subclinical hypothyroidism and a TSH lower than 10 mlU/litre:\n•\tevery 3 to 6 months if they have features suggesting underlying thyroid disease, such as thyroid dysgenesis (an underdeveloped thyroid gland) or raised levels of thyroid autoantibodies, or \n•\tevery 6 to 12 months if they have no features suggesting underlying thyroid disease.","1.5.8",2019]
["Consider measuring TSH and FT4 every 1 to 3 months for children aged between 28 days and 2 years with untreated subclinical hypothyroidism.","1.5.9",2019]
["Consider stopping TSH and FT4 measurement in children and young people if the TSH level has stabilised (2 similar measurements within the reference range 3 to 6 months apart) and there are no features suggesting underlying thyroid disease.","1.5.10",2019]
["1.6   Managing thyrotoxicosis"]
["Tests for people with confirmed thyrotoxicosis"]
["Adults"]
["Differentiate between thyrotoxicosis with hyperthyroidism (for example, Graves’ disease or toxic nodular disease) and thyrotoxicosis without hyperthyroidism (for example, transient thyroiditis) in adults by:\n•\tmeasuring TSH receptor antibodies (TRAbs) to confirm Graves’ disease\n•\tconsidering technetium scanning of the thyroid gland if TRAbs are negative.","1.6.1",2019]
["Only consider ultrasound for adults with thyrotoxicosis if they have a palpable thyroid nodule.","1.6.2",2019]
["Children and young people"]
["Differentiate between thyrotoxicosis with hyperthyroidism (Graves’ disease) and thyrotoxicosis without hyperthyroidism (for example, transient thyroiditis) in children and young people by:\n•\tmeasuring TPOAbs and TRAbs \n•\tconsidering technetium scanning of the thyroid gland if TRAbs are negative.","1.6.3",2019]
["Only offer ultrasound to children and young people with thyrotoxicosis if they have a palpable thyroid nodule or the cause of thyrotoxicosis remains unclear following thyroid autoantibody testing and technetium scanning.","1.6.4",2019]
["Initial treatment in primary/non-specialist care"]
["Be aware that transient thyrotoxicosis without hyperthyroidism usually only needs supportive treatment (for example, beta-blockers).","1.6.5",2019]
["Consider antithyroid drugs along with supportive treatment for adults with hyperthyroidism who are waiting for specialist assessment and further treatment.\n\nUse of carbimazole is subject to MHRA advice on contraception (Drug Safety Update, February 2019) and risk of acute pancreatitis (Drug Safety Update, February 2019).","1.6.6",2019]
[" Initial treatment in secondary/specialist care"]
["Discuss with adults, children and young people with thyrotoxicosis with hyperthyroidism (and their families and carers as appropriate):\n•\tthe possible benefits and risks of all treatment options (antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, surgery)\n•\tthe likelihood of a good response to each option. ","1.6.7",2019]
["Ensure that people can actively participate in decisions about their treatment by following the recommendations in the NICE guidelines on patient experience in adult NHS services and shared decision making. This includes presenting information about possible outcomes in a way the person (and their families and carers as appropriate) can understand.\n","1.6.8",2021]
["Offer antithyroid drugs to control hyperthyroidism in adults, children and young people who are waiting for treatment with radioactive iodine or surgery.\n\nUse of carbimazole is subject to MHRA advice on contraception (Drug Safety Update, February 2019) and risk of acute pancreatitis (Drug Safety Update, February 2019). November 2019 – carbimazole use is off label for children under 2 years. See NICE’s information on prescribing medicines.","1.6.9",2019]
["Adults with Graves’ disease"]
["Offer radioactive iodine as first-line definitive treatment for adults with Graves’ disease, unless antithyroid drugs are likely to achieve remission (see recommendation 1.6.11), or it is unsuitable (for example, there are concerns about compression, malignancy is suspected, they are pregnant or trying to become pregnant or father a child within the next 4 to 6 months, or they have active thyroid eye disease).\n\nFollow the 2017 regulations on medical exposure to ionising radiation.","1.6.10",2019]
["Offer a choice of antithyroid drugs (a 12- to 18-month course) or radioactive iodine as first-line definitive treatment for adults with Graves’ disease if antithyroid drugs are likely to achieve remission (for example, mild and uncomplicated Graves’ disease).","1.6.11",2019]
["Offer antithyroid drugs (a 12- to 18-month course) as first-line definitive treatment for adults with Graves’ disease if radioactive iodine and surgery are unsuitable.","1.6.12",2019]
["Offer total thyroidectomy as first-line definitive treatment for adults with Graves’ disease if:\n•\tthere are concerns about compression, or \n•\tthyroid malignancy is suspected, or\n•\tradioactive iodine and antithyroid drugs are unsuitable.","1.6.13",2019]
["Consider radioactive iodine or surgery for adults with Graves’ disease who have had antithyroid drugs but have persistent or relapsed hyperthyroidism.\n\nFollow the 2017 regulations on medical exposure to ionising radiation.","1.6.14",2019]
["Adults with toxic nodular goitre"]
["Offer radioactive iodine as first-line definitive treatment for adults with hyperthyroidism secondary to multiple nodules unless it is unsuitable (for example, there are concerns about compression, thyroid malignancy is suspected, they are pregnant or trying to become pregnant or father a child within the next 4 to 6 months, or they have active thyroid eye disease).\n\nFollow the 2017 regulations on medical exposure to ionising radiation.","1.6.15",2019]
["Offer total thyroidectomy or life-long antithyroid drugs as first-line definitive treatment for adults with hyperthyroidism secondary to multiple nodules if radioactive iodine is unsuitable.\n\nUse of carbimazole is subject to MHRA advice on contraception (Drug Safety Update, February 2019) and risk of acute pancreatitis (Drug Safety Update, February 2019).","1.6.16",2019]
["Offer radioactive iodine (if suitable) or surgery (hemithyroidectomy) as first-line definitive treatment for adults with hyperthyroidism secondary to a single nodule, or life-long antithyroid drugs if these options are unsuitable.","1.6.17",2019]
["Children and young people with Graves’ disease or toxic nodular goitre"]
["Offer antithyroid drugs for at least 2 years and possibly longer as first-line definitive treatment for children and young people with Graves’ disease.\n\nUse of carbimazole is subject to MHRA advice on contraception (Drug Safety Update, February 2019) and risk of acute pancreatitis (Drug Safety Update, February 2019). November 2019 – carbimazole use is off label for children under 2 years. See NICE’s information on prescribing medicines.","1.6.18",2019]
["Consider continuing or restarting antithyroid drugs or discussing radioactive iodine or surgery (total thyroidectomy) for children and young people with Graves’ disease who have had a course of antithyroid drugs but have relapsed hyperthyroidism. ","1.6.19",2019]
["For children and young people with hyperthyroidism secondary to a single or multiple nodules:\n•\toffer antithyroid drugs using a titration regimen of carbimazole, and\n•\tdiscuss the role of surgery and radioactive iodine with the child, young person and family, following input from the multidisciplinary team.","1.6.20",2019]
["Antithyroid drugs for adults, children and young people with hyperthyroidism"]
["Before starting antithyroid drugs for adults, children and young people with hyperthyroidism, check full blood count and liver function tests.","1.6.21",2019]
["When offering antithyroid drugs as first-line definitive treatment to adults with Graves’ disease, offer carbimazole for 12 to 18 months, using either a block and replace or a titration regimen, and then review the need for further treatment.\n\nUse of carbimazole is subject to MHRA advice on contraception (Drug Safety Update, February 2019) and risk of acute pancreatitis (Drug Safety Update, February 2019).","1.6.22",2019]
["When offering antithyroid drugs to children and young people with Graves’ disease, offer carbimazole, using a titration regimen, and review the need for treatment every 2 years.\n\nUse of carbimazole is subject to MHRA advice on contraception (Drug Safety Update, February 2019) and risk of acute pancreatitis (Drug Safety Update, February 2019). November 2019 – carbimazole use is off label for children under 2 years. See NICE’s information on prescribing medicines.","1.6.23",2019]
["When offering life-long antithyroid drugs to adults with hyperthyroidism secondary to a single or multiple toxic nodules, consider treatment with a titration regimen of carbimazole. ","1.6.24",2019]
["Consider propylthiouracil for adults:\n•\twho experience adverse reactions to carbimazole\n•\twho are pregnant or trying to become pregnant within the following 6 months\n•\twith a history of pancreatitis.","1.6.25",2019]
["Stop and do not restart any antithyroid drugs if a person develops agranulocytosis. Consider referral to a specialist for further management options.","1.6.26",2019]
["1.7    Follow-up and monitoring of hyperthyroidism"]
["Monitoring after radioactive iodine treatment"]
["Consider measuring TSH, FT4 and FT3 levels in adults, children and young people every 6 weeks for the first 6 months after radioactive iodine treatment until TSH is within the reference range.","1.7.1",2019]
["For adults, children and young people who have hypothyroidism after radioactive iodine treatment and are not on antithyroid drugs, offer levothyroxine replacement therapy and follow recommendations 1.3.6 and 1.3.7 on dosage of levothyroxine for adults and 1.4.1 to 1.4.6 on monitoring of hypothyroidism.","1.7.2",2019]
["For adults, children and young people with TSH in the reference range 6 months after radioactive iodine treatment, consider measuring TSH (with cascading) at 9 months and 12 months after treatment.","1.7.3",2019]
["For adults, children and young people with TSH in the reference range 12 months after radioactive iodine treatment, consider measuring TSH (with cascading) every 6 months unless they develop hypothyroidism (then follow recommendation 1.7.2).  ","1.7.4",2019]
["If hyperthyroidism persists after radioactive iodine treatment in adults, children and young people, consider antithyroid drugs until the 6-month appointment.  \n\nUse of carbimazole is subject to MHRA advice on contraception (Drug Safety Update, February 2019) and risk of acute pancreatitis (Drug Safety Update, February 2019). November 2019 – carbimazole use is off label for children under 2 years. See NICE’s information on prescribing medicines.","1.7.5",2019]
["If hyperthyroidism persists 6 months after radioactive iodine treatment in adults, children and young people, consider further treatment.","1.7.6",2019]
["Monitoring after surgery"]
["Offer levothyroxine to adults, children and young people after a total thyroidectomy and follow recommendations 1.3.6 and 1.3.7 on dosage of levothyroxine for adults and 1.4.1 to 1.4.6 on monitoring of hypothyroidism.","1.7.7",2019]
["Consider measuring TSH and FT4 at 2 and 6 months after surgery, and then TSH (with cascading) once a year for adults, children and young people who have had a hemithyroidectomy.","1.7.8",2019]
["Monitoring of antithyroid drugs"]
["For adults, children and young people who are taking antithyroid drugs for hyperthyroidism, consider measuring:\n•\tTSH, FT4 and FT3 every 6 weeks until their TSH is within the reference range, then\n•\tTSH (with cascading) every 3 months until antithyroid drugs are stopped.","1.7.9",2019]
["Do not monitor full blood count and liver function for adults, children and young people taking antithyroid drugs for hyperthyroidism unless there is a clinical suspicion of agranulocytosis or liver dysfunction.","1.7.10",2019]
["For adults who have stopped antithyroid drugs, consider measuring:\n•\tTSH (with cascading) within 8 weeks of stopping the drug, then\n•\tTSH (with cascading) every 3 months for a year, then\n•\tTSH (with cascading) once a year. ","1.7.11",2019]
["For children and young people who have stopped antithyroid drugs, consider measuring: \n•\tTSH, FT4 and FT3 within 8 weeks of stopping the drug, then\n•\tTSH, FT4 and FT3 every 3 months for the first year, then\n•\tTSH (with cascading) every 6 months for the second year, then\n•\tTSH (with cascading) once a year. ","1.7.12",2019]
["1.8 Managing and monitoring subclinical hyperthyroidism"]
["Treating subclinical hyperthyroidism"]
["Consider seeking specialist advice on managing subclinical hyperthyroidism in adults if they have:\n•\t2 TSH readings lower than 0.1 mIU/litre at least 3 months apart and\n•\tevidence of thyroid disease (for example, a goitre or positive thyroid antibodies) or symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. ","1.8.1",2019]
["Consider seeking specialist advice on managing subclinical hyperthyroidism in all children and young people.","1.8.2",2019]
["Untreated subclinical hyperthyroidism"]
["Consider measuring TSH every 6 months for adults with untreated subclinical hyperthyroidism. If the TSH level is outside the reference range, consider measuring FT4 and FT3 in the same sample.","1.8.3",2019]
["Consider measuring TSH, FT4 and FT3 every 3 months for children and young people with untreated subclinical hyperthyroidism.","1.8.4",2019]
["Consider stopping TSH measurement for adults, children and young people with untreated subclinical hyperthyroidism if the TSH level stabilises (2 similar measurements within the reference range 3 to 6 months apart).","1.8.5",2019]
["1.9   Diagnosing, managing and monitoring thyroid enlargement with normal thyroid function"]
["Investigating thyroid enlargement"]
["Offer ultrasound to image palpable thyroid enlargement or focal nodularity in adults, children and young people with normal thyroid function if malignancy is suspected.","1.9.1",2019]
["Consider ultrasound of incidental findings on imaging if clinical factors suggest malignancy as a possibility.","1.9.2",2019]
["When making decisions about whether to offer fine needle aspiration cytology, use an established system for grading ultrasound appearance that takes into account:\n•\techogenicity\n•\tmicrocalcifications\n•\tborder\n•\tshape in transverse plane\n•\tinternal vascularity\n•\tlymphadenopathy.","1.9.3",2019]
["Reports of ultrasound findings should:\n•\tspecify which grading system has been used for the assessment.\n•\tinclude information on the features in recommendation 1.9.3 and\n•\tprovide an overall assessment of malignancy, and\n•\tconfirm that both lobes have been assessed, and\n•\t document assessment of cervical lymph nodes.","1.9.4",2019]
["Use ultrasound guidance when performing fine needle aspiration cytology.","1.9.5",2019]
["See NICE’s guideline on suspected cancer for recommendations on referral for suspected head and neck cancers (including thyroid cancer).","1.9.6",2019]
["Managing non-malignant thyroid enlargement"]
["Do not offer treatment to adults with non-malignant thyroid enlargement, normal thyroid function and mild or no symptoms unless:\n•\tthey have breathing difficulty or \n•\tthere is clinical concern, for example, because of marked airway narrowing.","1.9.7",2019]
["Repeat thyroid ultrasound and TSH measurement for adults with non-malignant thyroid enlargement who are not receiving treatment, if:\n•\tmalignancy is subsequently suspected, or \n•\tcompression is suspected.","1.9.8",2019]
["Consider repeating thyroid ultrasound and TSH measurement for adults with non-malignant thyroid enlargement who are not receiving treatment, if:\n•\tthe person’s symptoms worsen or \n•\tthey develop symptoms, such as hoarseness, or shortness of breath.","1.9.9",2019]
["For children and young people with non-malignant thyroid enlargement and normal thyroid function, discuss management with a specialist multidisciplinary team.","1.9.10",2019]
["For adults with normal thyroid function and a cyst or predominantly cystic nodule with no vascular components, offer aspiration if it is causing compressive symptoms, with possible ethanol ablation if there is re-accumulation of cyst fluid later.","1.9.11",2019]
["For adults with normal thyroid function and a non-cystic nodule or multinodular or diffuse goitre, consider the following if they have compressive symptoms relating to thyroid enlargement:\n•\tsurgery, particularly if there is marked airway narrowing or\n•\tradioactive iodine ablation, if there is demonstrable radionuclide uptake, or\n•\tpercutaneous thermal ablation.","1.9.12",2019]