Civil Procedure Rules

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See also Practice Direction 3, Practice Direction 3B, Practice Direction 3C
Part | 3 |
| THE COURT’S CASE MANAGEMENT POWERS
| Contents of this part
The court’s general powers of management |  | Rule 3.1
Court officer’s power to refer to a judge |  | Rule 3.2
Court’s power to make order of its own initiative |  | Rule 3.3
Power to strike out a statement of case |  | Rule 3.4
Judgment without trial after striking out |  | Rule 3.5
Setting aside judgment entered after striking out |  | Rule 3.6
Sanctions for non-payment of certain fees |  | Rule 3.7
Sanctions have effect unless defaulting party obtains relief |  | Rule 3.8
Relief from sanctions |  | Rule 3.9
General power of the court to rectify matters where there has been an error of procedure |  | Rule 3.10
Power of the court to make civil restraint orders |  | Rule 3.11
The court’s general powers of management
3.1 |
(1) | The list of powers in this rule is in addition to any powers given to the court by any other rule or practice direction or by any other enactment or any powers it may otherwise have.
(2) | Except where these Rules provide otherwise, the court may –
(a) | extend or shorten the time for compliance with any rule, practice direction or court order (even if an application for extension is made after the time for compliance has expired);
(b) | adjourn or bring forward a hearing;
(c) | require a party or a party’s legal representative to attend the court;
(d) | hold a hearing and receive evidence by telephone or by using any other method of direct oral communication;
(e) | direct that part of any proceedings (such as a counterclaim) be dealt with as separate proceedings;
(f) | stay (GL) the whole or part of any proceedings or judgment either generally or until a specified date or event;
(g) | consolidate proceedings;
(h) | try two or more claims on the same occasion;
(i) | direct a separate trial of any issue;
(j) | decide the order in which issues are to be tried;
(k) | exclude an issue from consideration;
(l) | dismiss or give judgment on a claim after a decision on a preliminary issue;
(m) | take any other step or make any other order for the purpose of managing the case and furthering the overriding objective.
(3) | When the court makes an order, it may –
(a) | make it subject to conditions, including a condition to pay a sum of money into court; and
(b) | specify the consequence of failure to comply with the order or a condition.
(4) | Where the court gives directions it may take into account whether or not a party has complied with any relevant pre-action protocol (GL) .
(5) | The court may order a party to pay a sum of money into court if that party has, without good reason, failed to comply with a rule, practice direction or a relevant pre-action protocol.
(6) | When exercising its power under paragraph (5) the court must have regard to –
(a) | the amount in dispute; and
(b) | the costs which the parties have incurred or which they may incur.
(6A) | Where a party pays money into court following an order under paragraph (3) or (5), the money shall be security for any sum payable by that party to any other party in the proceedings, subject to the right of a defendant under rule 37.2 to treat all or part of any money paid into court as a Part 36 payment.
(Rule 36.2 explains what is meant by a Part 36 payment)
(7) | A power of the court under these Rules to make an order includes a power to vary or revoke the order.
Court officer’s power to refer to a judge
3.2 |
Where a step is to be taken by a court officer –
(a) | the court officer may consult a judge before taking that step;
(b) | the step may be taken by a judge instead of the court officer.
Court’s power to make order of its own initiative
3.3 |
(1) | Except where a rule or some other enactment provides otherwise, the court may exercise its powers on an application or of its own initiative.
(Part 23 sets out the procedure for making an application)
(2) | Where the court proposes to make an order of its own initiative –
(a) | it may give any person likely to be affected by the order an opportunity to make representations; and
(b) | where it does so it must specify the time by and the manner in which the representations must be made.
(3) | Where the court proposes –
(a) | to make an order of its own initiative; and
(b) | to hold a hearing to decide whether to make the order,
it must give each party likely to be affected by the order at least 3 days’ notice of the hearing.
(4) | The court may make an order of its own initiative, without hearing the parties or giving them an opportunity to make representations.
(5) | Where the court has made an order under paragraph (4) –
(a) | a party affected by the order may apply to have it set aside (GL) , varied or stayed (GL) ; and
(b) | the order must contain a statement of the right to make such an application.
(6) | An application under paragraph (5)(a) must be made –
(a) | within such period as may be specified by the court; or
(b) | if the court does not specify a period, not more than 7 days after the date on which the order was served on the party making the application.
(7) | If the court of its own initiative strikes out a statement of case or dismisses an application, and it considers that the claim or application is totally without merit –
(a) | the court's order must record that fact; and
(b) | the court must at the same time consider whether it is appropriate to make a civil restraint order.
Power to strike out a statement of case
3.4 |
(1) | In this rule and rule 3.5, reference to a statement of case includes reference to part of a statement of case.
(2) | The court may strike out (GL) a statement of case if it appears to the court –
(a) | that the statement of case discloses no reasonable grounds for bringing or defending the claim;
(b) | that the statement of case is an abuse of the court’s process or is otherwise likely to obstruct the just disposal of the proceedings; or
(c) | that there has been a failure to comply with a rule, practice direction or court order.
(3) | When the court strikes out a statement of case it may make any consequential order it considers appropriate.
(4) | Where –
(a) | the court has struck out a claimant’s statement of case;
(b) | the claimant has been ordered to pay costs to the defendant; and
(c) | before the claimant pays those costs, he starts another claim against the same defendant, arising out of facts which are the same or substantially the same as those relating to the claim in which the statement of case was struck out,
the court may, on the application of the defendant, stay (GL) that other claim until the costs of the first claim have been paid.
(5) | Paragraph (2) does not limit any other power of the court to strike out (GL) a statement of case.
(6) | If the court strikes out a claimant's statement of case and it considers that the claim is totally without merit –
(a) | the court's order must record that fact; and
(b) | the court must at the same time consider whether it is appropriate to make a civil restraint order.
Judgment without trial after striking out
3.5 |
(1) | This rule applies where –
(a) | the court makes an order which includes a term that the statement of case of a party shall be struck out if the party does not comply with the order; and
(b) | the party against whom the order was made does not comply with it.
(2) | A party may obtain judgment with costs by filing a request for judgment if –
(a) | the order referred to in paragraph (1)(a) relates to the whole of a statement of case; and
(b) | where the party wishing to obtain judgment is the claimant, the claim is for –
(i) | a specified amount of money;
(ii) | an amount of money to be decided by the court;
(iii) | delivery of goods where the claim form gives the defendant the alternative of paying their value; or
(iv) | any combination of these remedies.
(3) | Where judgment is obtained under this rule in a case to which paragraph (2)(b)(iii) applies, it will be judgment requiring the defendant to deliver goods, or (if he does not do so) pay the value of the goods as decided by the court (less any payments made).
(4) | The request must state that the right to enter judgment has arisen because the court’s order has not been complied with.
(5) | A party must make an application in accordance with Part 23 if he wishes to obtain judgment under this rule in a case to which paragraph (2) does not apply.
Setting aside judgment entered after striking out
3.6 |
(1) | A party against whom the court has entered judgment under rule 3.5 may apply to the court to set the judgment aside.
(2) | An application under paragraph (1) must be made not more than 14 days after the judgment has been served on the party making the application.
(3) | If the right to enter judgment had not arisen at the time when judgment was entered, the court must set aside (GL) the judgment.
(4) | If the application to set aside (GL) is made for any other reason, rule 3.9 (relief from sanctions) shall apply.
Sanctions for non-payment of certain fees
3.7 |
(1) | This rule applies where –
(a) | an allocation questionnaire or a pre-trial check list (listing questionnaire) is filed without payment of the fee specified by the relevant Fees Order;
(b) | the court dispenses with the need for an allocation questionnaire or a pre-trial check list or both;
(c) | these Rules do not require an allocation questionnaire or a pre-trial check list to be filed in relation to the claim in question; or
(d) | the court has made an order giving permission to proceed with a claim for judicial review.
(Rule 26.3 provides for the court to dispense with the need for an allocation questionnaire and rules 28.5 and 29.6 provide for the court to dispense with the need for a pre-trial check list) (Rule 54.12 provides for the service of the order giving permission to proceed with a claim for judicial review)
(2) | The court will serve a notice on the claimant requiring payment of the fee specified in the relevant Fees Order if, at the time the fee is due, the claimant has not paid it or made an application for exemption or remission.
(3) | The notice will specify the date by which the claimant must pay the fee.
(4) | If the claimant does not –
(a) | pay the fee; or
(b) | make an application for an exemption from or remission of the fee,
by the date specified in the notice –
(i) | the claim shall be struck out; and
(ii) | the claimant shall be liable for the costs which the defendant has incurred unless the court orders otherwise.
(Rule 44.12 provides for the basis of assessment where a right to costs arises under this rule)
(5) | Where an application for exemption from or remission of a fee is refused, the court will serve notice on the claimant requiring payment of the fee by the date specified in the notice.
(6) | If the claimant does not pay the fee by the date specified in the notice –
(a) | the claim shall be struck out; and
(b) | the claimant shall be liable for the costs which the defendant has incurred unless the court orders otherwise.
(7) | If –
(a) | a claimant applies to have the claim reinstated; and
(b) | the court grants relief,
the relief shall be conditional on the claimant either paying the fee or filing evidence of exemption from payment or remission of the fee within the period specified in paragraph (8).
(8) | The period referred to in paragraph (7) is –
(a) | if the order granting relief is made at a hearing at which the claimant is present or represented, 2 days from the date of the order;
(b) | in any other case, 7 days from the date of service of the order on the claimant.
Sanctions have effect unless defaulting party obtains relief
3.8 |
(1) | Where a party has failed to comply with a rule, practice direction or court order, any sanction for failure to comply imposed by the rule, practice direction or court order has effect unless the party in default applies for and obtains relief from the sanction.
(Rule 3.9 sets out the circumstances which the court may consider on an application to grant relief from a sanction)
(2) | Where the sanction is the payment of costs, the party in default may only obtain relief by appealing against the order for costs.
(3) | Where a rule, practice direction or court order –
(a) | requires a party to do something within a specified time, and
(b) | specifies the consequence of failure to comply,
the time for doing the act in question may not be extended by agreement between the parties.
Relief from sanctions
3.9 |
(1) | On an application for relief from any sanction imposed for a failure to comply with any rule, practice direction or court order the court will consider all the circumstances including –
(a) | the interests of the administration of justice;
(b) | whether the application for relief has been made promptly;
(c) | whether the failure to comply was intentional;
(d) | whether there is a good explanation for the failure;
(e) | the extent to which the party in default has complied with other rules, practice directions, court orders and any relevant preaction protocol (GL) ;
(f) | whether the failure to comply was caused by the party or his legal representative;
(g) | whether the trial date or the likely trial date can still be met if relief is granted;
(h) | the effect which the failure to comply had on each party; and
(i) | the effect which the granting of relief would have on each party.
(2) | An application for relief must be supported by evidence.
General power of the court to rectify matters where there has been an error of procedure
3.10 |
Where there has been an error of procedure such as a failure to comply with a rule or practice direction –
(a) | the error does not invalidate any step taken in the proceedings unless the court so orders; and
(b) | the court may make an order to remedy the error.
Power of the court to make civil restraint orders
3.11 |
A practice direction may set out –
(a) | the circumstances in which the court has the power to make a civil restraint order against a party to proceedings;
(b) | the procedure where a party applies for a civil restraint order against another party; and
(c) | the consequences of the court making a civil restraint order.

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