@prefix aiiso: . @prefix cc: . @prefix dc1: . @prefix dcat: . @prefix foaf: . @prefix mads: . @prefix org1: . @prefix skos: . @prefix tdwgi: . @prefix vcard: . @prefix void: . @prefix xsd: . a void:DatasetDescription ; cc:license ; foaf:primaryTopic . a aiiso:Institution, org1:Organization, foaf:Organization ; tdwgi:acronymOrCoden "NHMUK" ; tdwgi:institutionType ; = , ; foaf:name "Natural History Museum" . a dcat:Dataset ; dc1:creator [ a vcard:Person ; vcard:fn "Stephanie Avery-Gomm; Nia Potapova; Chrissie Potter; Alexander Bond; Stephanie B. Borrelle; Jennifer L. Lavers; Steven J. Portugal; Hugh P. Possingham; Jennifer F. Provencher; Natalie Cooper" ] ; dc1:identifier <10.5519/hemrjx9q> ; dc1:issued "2025-10-29T11:22:29.016780"^^xsd:dateTime ; dc1:license ; dc1:modified "2026-05-11T17:38:00.996812"^^xsd:dateTime ; dc1:temporal "1960-2024" ; dc1:title "Global seabird plastic occurrence database" ; dcat:contactPoint ; dcat:description """**Data from the paper**: Frequency of plastic occurrence varies across phylogeny but not ecology in seabirds. 2026. Stephanie Avery-Gomm, Nia Potapova, Chrissie Potter, Alexander L. Bond, Stephanie B. Borrelle, Jennifer L. Lavers, Steven J. Portugal, Hugh P. Possingham, Jennifer F. Provencher, and Natalie Cooper. ADD LINK.\r \r Code for all analyses can be found on GitHub: https://github.com/nhcooper123/PhyloPlastics. This is archived at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20072872.\r \r > Natalie Cooper & Andrew MacDonald. Code for the paper v1.0. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20072872\r \r Archived data are as follows. Please click on individual files below for their associated metadata.\r \r ## Raw data\r \r * **01_sources-for-plastic-ingestion-data.csv**. The papers from our literature searches.\r * **02_plastic-ingestion-data.csv**. The raw plastic ingestion data extracted from papers in 01\r * **03_trait-data.csv**. Species specific trait data taken from the literature.\r \r ## Cleaned data used in the analyses\r The raw data were cleaned and aggregated prior to analyses. See `analyses/data-preparation` and `01-data-preparation.qmd` at https://github.com/nhcooper123/PhyloPlastics for more details. \r \r * **plastic-data-aggregated_2026.csv**. Aggregated data used in analyses.\r * **seabird-tree-plastic-2026.csv**. Phylogeny of Claramunt et al 2025 pruned to only species with plastic ingestion data. \r * **full-species-list-2026.csv**. Summarised dataset for all seabird species indicating which are/are not part of our plastic ingestion dataset. Used in the creation of Figure S2.\r \r ## Cleaned data used in sensitivity analyses\r \r * **plastic-data-aggregated-nest_2026.csv**. Aggregated data including nest-bound birds which were excluded from the main analyses. \r * **seabird-tree-plastic-nest-2026.csv**. Phylogeny of Claramunt et al 2025 pruned to only species with plastic occurrence data but including nest-bound birds which were excluded from the main analyses. \r * **seabird-tree-plastic-2026-no-additions.csv**. Phylogeny of Claramunt et al 2025 pruned to only species with plastic occurrence data and excluding the 35 species added to the phylogeny used in the main analyses. \r \r ## Taxonomy \r \r * **seabird-list-Clements2025.csv**. List of seabird species according to Clements et al 2025 taxonomy.\r \r The full taxonomy file can be found here: https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/. \r \r If you want to use the taxonomy please cite: \r > Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2025. The eBird/Clements Checklist of Birds of the World: v2025. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/.\r \r ## Phylogeny\r \r * **sea-bird-tree-2026.nex**. Phylogeny of Claramunt et al. 2025 pruned to seabird species only.\r * **family-tree-2026.nex**. Family level phylogeny of Claramunt et al. 2025 pruned to seabird families only.\r * **tips-to-add.csv**. Details of 39 species missing from Claramunt et al. 2025 and how these were added to the phylogeny.\r \r The full raw phylogeny file can be found here: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/evolucionario/BigBirdTree/refs/heads/main/RAGBackbone/BBtree3.tre. \r \r If you want to use the phylogeny please cite: \r > Claramunt, Santiago, Catherine Sheard, Joseph W. Brown, Gala Cortés-Ramírez, Joel Cracraft, Michelle M. Su, Brian C. Weeks, and Joseph A. Tobias. 2025. “A New Time Tree of Birds Reveals the Interplay between Dispersal, Geographic Range Size, and Diversification.” Current Biology 35 (16): 3883-3895.e4.""" ; dcat:distribution , , , , , , , , , , , , ; dcat:keyword "plastic pollution", "seabird" ; dcat:landingPage , , , , , , , , , , , , ; dcat:theme [ a skos:Concept ; skos:prefLabel "Research" ] . a vcard:Person ; mads:hasAffiliation ; vcard:fn "Natalie Cooper" ; vcard:hasEmail . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description "Identical details to **seabird-tree-plastic-2026.nex** but including one additional species that was only represented by nest-bound birds." ; dc1:format "NEX" ; dc1:title "seabird-tree-plastic-nest-2026.nex" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 18049.0 . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description """This is a species-level pruned tree matched to the seabird list from Clements 2025 taxonomy. \r \r All species are present in this tree, except four species of *Sterna* with uncertain taxonomic placement.\r \r The original trees come from Claramunt et al 2025: BBtree3. Available from: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/evolucionario/BigBirdTree""" ; dc1:format "NEX" ; dc1:title "seabird-tree-2026" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 30042.0 . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description """# List of seabirds from Clements taxonomy\r \r Citation: Clements, J. F., P. C. Rasmussen, T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, A. Spencer, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, M. Smith, and C. L. Wood. 2025. The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World: v2025. \r \r Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/\r \r Seabirds are defined as follows:\r \r 1. All Sphenisciformes (penguins)\r 1. All Procellariiformes (petrels, albatross etc.)\r 1. All Gaviiformes (divers/loons)\r 1. All Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)\r 1. All Suliformes (gannets, boobies etc.) except Anhingidae (anhingas)\r 1. Within Pelecaniformes, Pelecanidae (pelicans)\r 1. Within Charadriiformes, Laridae (gulls), Alcidae (auks), Stercorariidae (skuas) and Phalaropodini (phalaropes)\r 1. Within Anseriformes, Mergini (diving ducks)\r \r We also exclude the extinct species *Bulweria bifax, Camptorhynchus labradorius, Hydrobates macrodactylus, Mergus australis, Pinguinus impennis, Pterodroma caribbaea, Pterodroma rupinarum,* and *Urile perspicillatus*""" ; dc1:format "CSV" ; dc1:title "seabird-list-Clements2025" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 10489354.0 ; dcat:mediaType "text/csv" . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description """Species-specific data on behavioural and life-history traits were collected for each seabird species from Handbook of Birds of the World, 2025 and Dunning et al 2007. \r \r We focused on traits that have previously been used to explain observed patterns in plastic ingestion and traits which we theorised could increase vulnerability to plastic ingestion. These were diet, use of anthropogenic subsidies, foraging method, whether a species is a pelagic specialist, and body mass. \r \r Diet was categorised based on the presence or absence of prey types in the published diet descriptions: ‘carrion and non-fish vertebrates’, ‘cephalopods’, ‘crustaceans’, ‘fish’, or ‘other invertebrates’. Species were classified as using anthropogenic subsidies in the form of agricultural sources (i.e. following farm machinery of workers etc.), refuse (i.e. association with landfills etc.), or fisheries (i.e., attending trawlers, foraging on fisheries discards or offal, fish farms etc.). \r \r Foraging method was categorised based on the presence or absence of foraging methods: ‘aerial pursuit’, ‘bottom-feeding’, ‘diving’ (i.e. moving through the water powered by feet or wings), ‘plunging’ (including pursuit plunging and surface plunging from any height, or any submersion of head/body while feeding on the water's surface), ‘terrestrial-feeding’ (hunting live prey or scavenging on land), ‘scavenging’ (either terrestrially or on the water), ‘skimming’ (including hydroplaning), or ‘surface seizing’ (including dabbling, dipping, and pattering). Species were classified as pelagic specialists if they predominantly forage in the pelagic zone. \r \r Columns contain the following.\r \r * **HBWv8.1_Binomial**. Species name following Handbook of Birds of the World (HBW) v8.1 taxonomy. Note taxonomy is updated to Clements et al 2025 in the data cleaning stages. \r * **Link_species**. Link to the HBW species account. \r * **Feeding.Method.Simple**. Primary feeding method for each species. Options are: aerial pursuit, bottom-feeding, diving, plunging (includes pursuit plunging and surface plunging), scavenging, skimming, or surface seizing (includes dipping and pattering). Taken from the HBW species account. \r * **Diet**. Primary diet based on the dominant prey type. Options are: carrion and non-fish vertebrates, cephalopods, crustaceans, fish, or other invertebrates. Taken from the HBW species account. \r * **Diet_description**. Verbatim copy of HBW species account diet information. \r * **Anthropogenic.subsidy.search.word**. \r * **Anthropogenic.subsidy.simple**. \r * **Fish**. Presence or absence of fish in the diet description in HBW. \r * **Cephalopods**. Presence or absence of cephalopods in the diet description in HBW. \r * **Crustaceans**. Presence or absence of crustaceans in the diet description in HBW. \r * **Other.Inverts**. Presence or absence of other invertebrates (i.e. not cephalopods or crustaceans) in the diet description in HBW. \r * **Carrion.NonFishVertebrates**. Presence or absence of carrion or non fish vertebrates in the diet description in HBW. \r * **Anthropogenic.Subsidy**. Does the species use anthropogenic food sources? Yes/No. Species were classified as using anthropogenic resources if diet descriptions included mention of an association with landfills, fisheries (i.e., attending trawlers, foraging on fisheries discards or offal) fish farms or other human food sources. \r * **pelagic_specialist_CR**. Does the species predominantly forage in the pelagic zone? Yes/No. \r * **Body.Mass.g**. Species body mass (g). If more than one value given, we used the average for Male and Female.\r * **scaled.body.mass**. Mean normalised body mass. \r * **Source_Body.Mass.g**. Source of body mass data, primarily Dunning JB Jr. 2007 CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses, Second Edition. 2nd edn. Boca Raton: CRC Press. See https://www.crcpress.com/CRC-Handbook-of-Avian-Body-Masses-Second-Edition/Dunning-Jr/p/book/9781420064445.\r * **AS.Fishery**. Presence or absence of feeding on fisheries discards or attending trawlers in the diet description in HBW. \r * **AS.Refuse**. Presence or absence of feeding on refuse in the diet description in HBW. \r * **AS.Agriculture**. Presence or absence of feeding on agricultural sources, e.g. attending fields in the diet description in HBW. \r * **aerial_pursuit**. Presence or absence of aerial pursuit feeding in the feeding behaviour description in HBW. \r * **bottom_feeding**. Presence or absence of bottom feeding in the feeding behaviour description in HBW. \r * **diving**. Presence or absence of diving in the feeding behaviour description in HBW. \r * **plunging**. Presence or absence of plunging (including pursuit plunging and surface plunging) in the feeding behaviour description in HBW. \r * **scavenging**. Presence or absence of scavenging in the feeding behaviour description in HBW. \r * **skimming**. Presence or absence of skimming or hydroplaning in the feeding behaviour description in HBW. \r * **surface_seizing**. Presence or absence of surface seizing (including dabbling, dipping, and pattering) in the feeding behaviour description in HBW. \r * **terrestrial_feeding**. Presence or absence of terrestrial-feeding (hunting live prey or scavenging on land) in the feeding behaviour description in HBW.\r * **feeding_method_notes**. Notes taken from HBW species accounts used to determine the feeding method.""" ; dc1:format "CSV" ; dc1:title "03_trait-data" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 501616.0 ; dcat:mediaType "text/csv" . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description "Identical details to **plastic-data-aggregated_2026.csv** but including nest-bound birds" ; dc1:format "CSV" ; dc1:title "plastic-data-aggregated-nest_2026.csv" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 372151.0 ; dcat:mediaType "text/csv" . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description """This is the list of papers extracted from our literature searches, along with whether they were relevant (or not) and thus included in dataset **02_plastic-ingestion-data**. Full details of data collection are in the Supplementary Materials of the paper.\r \r In brief, papers were identified using Web of Science and/or Google Scholar searches using the following search terms:\r \r - “seabird* plastic OR debris OR pollution”\r - “plastic* gull OR shearwater OR albatross OR petrel OR penguin OR puffin OR auk OR guillemot OR murre* OR tern OR skua OR jaeger OR frigatebird OR booby OR gannet OR cormorant OR shag OR tropicbird OR merganser OR pelican OR phalarope OR scoter OR eider OR fulmar OR prion OR noddy OR gannet OR loon OR diver”.\r \r We considered peer-reviewed papers, research reports, conference proceedings and theses published to the end of 2024 and spanning 387 seabird species as defined by Gaston (2004), excluding eight extinct species (*Bulweria bifax, Camptorhynchus labradorius, Hydrobates macrodactylus, Mergus australis, Pinguinus impennis, Pterodroma caribbaea, Pterodroma rupinarum,* and *Urile perspicillatus*). We excluded articles and reports on species occurring only in freshwater, extinct species, captive populations, and studies reporting on cases of plastic entanglement or ingestion of non-plastic items, such as studies that pooled plastic with non-plastic marine debris (e.g., metal fishing hooks, natural fibres, artificially treated cellulose, rubber and glass). Both plastic-focused research and research where plastic was found incidentally, such as in traditional diet studies, were included. Plastics of all types (e.g., fragments, foam, sheets, fibres) and of all sizes were recorded. All publications discovered in literature searches were downloaded and recorded in **01_sources-for-plastic-ingestion-data**, but only relevant studies were added to the dataset **02_plastic-ingestion-data**.\r \r Column contents are as follows.\r \r - **Source**. Shortened name of the source, e.g. Author et al, YEAR. If not included in the main dataset **02_plastic-ingestion-data** this is set to "Not relevant". \r - **Used**. Indicates whether data from a particular source was used in the present study. Any papers labelled "Yes" were included in the **02_plastic-ingestion-data** dataset. Sources marked as "Not relevant" or anything other other than "Yes" were not included in **02_plastic-ingestion-data**. Reasons for papers being classed as "Not relevant" included irrelevance to the study's scope or redundancy with other sources. For example, sources may be excluded if they focus on topics like nest pollution, entanglement, distribution characterisation, or if they lack specificity regarding plastic ingestion. Duplicate information from other references was also a common reason for exclusion.\r * **Authors**. Authors of the paper. \r * **Year**. Year of publication. \r * **Link.plastic**. Link to the paper. \r * **Title**. Title of the paper. \r * **DOI**. DOI of the paper \r * **Comments**. Any comments added by data curators about the relevancy of the paper.""" ; dc1:format "CSV" ; dc1:title "01_sources-for-plastic-ingestion-data" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 246139.0 ; dcat:mediaType "text/csv" . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description "Identical to **seabird-tree-plastic-2026.nex** except it excludes the 35 species we added the the original tree." ; dc1:format "NEX" ; dc1:title "seabird-tree-2026-no-additions.nex" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 27554.0 . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description """Cleaned and aggregated dataset used in the analyses.\r \r To get from the raw data to this dataset see details on GitHub in script **01-data-preparation**. In brief we:\r \r - recalculate median year of each study to give a decimal number\r - standardise body size with TWO standard deviations, as suggested by Gelman 2008\r - merge trait and plastic datasets\r - convert all No/Yes variables to binary 0/1.\r - add a column called tips which is the Binomial name with "_" to match the tree\r - aggregate age class into just two life history stages: free-flying and not (i.e. nestbound). We exclude nestbound birds but keep mixed studies.\r - remove columns we don't need in the analyses\r - remove a small number of NAs which we aren't able to work with. We lose a few studies, which include few species each, and one species with no diet info. \r \r We also aggregated the data because some studies separate birds into small groups (i.e. within-study sampling locations). However, for the purposes of meta-analyses, we are treating all observations as exchangeable (i.e. as replicates) if they:\r \r - are collected by the same authors (Source)\r - in the same Marine Region\r - in the same Year\r \r Columns are as follows.\r \r * **clements2025_binomial**. Species name matched to Clements et al 2025 taxonomy. \r * **tips**. Species name matched to Clements et al 2025 taxonomy with _ to match the phylogeny. \r * **order**. Taxonomic order. \r * **family**. Taxonomic family. \r * **freeflying**. Freeflying (adult, subadult, adult/subadult age class) or mixed. 1 (freeflying) or NA (mixed). Nestbound birds have been removed.\r * **source**. Source name in the form Author et al, YEAR. This matches the Source column in 01_sources-for-plastic-ingestion-data and 02-plastic-ingestion-data. \r **date_median**. Median year the study covered. \r **marine_region**. Ocean basin of study site. Options are Arctic, Indian, North Atlantic, North Pacific, South Atlantic, South Pacific, or Southern oceans. \r * **sampling_method**. Primary way that plastic samples were obtained. Options are bolus, brushing, lavage, necropsy, regurgitation or scat. \r * **body_mass_g**. Body mass (g). \r * **body_mass_2sd**. Mean normalised body mass. \r * **main_diet**. Primary diet based on the dominant prey type. Options are: carrion and non-fish vertebrates, cephalopods, crustaceans, fish, or other invertebrates. \r * **carrion**. Presence or absence of carrion in the diet description. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **fish**. Presence or absence of carrion in the diet description. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **cephalopods**. Presence or absence of carrion in the diet description. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **crustaceans**. Presence or absence of carrion in the diet description. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **other_inverts**. Presence or absence of other invertebrates (i.e. not cephalopods or crustaceans) in the diet description. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **as_fishery**. Presence or absence of carrion in the diet description. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **as_agriculture**. Presence or absence of carrion in the diet description. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **as_refuse**. Presence or absence of carrion in the diet description. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **anthropogenic_subsidy**. Does the species use anthropogenic food sources? 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **pelagic_specialist**. Is the species a pelagic specialist? 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **feeding_method**. Primary feeding method for each species. Options are: aerial pursuit, bottom-feeding, diving, plunging (includes pursuit plunging and surface plunging), scavenging, skimming, or surface seizing (includes dipping and pattering). \r * **aerial_pursuit**. Presence or absence of aerial pursuit feeding. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **bottom_feeding**. Presence or absence of bottom feeding. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **diving**. Presence or absence of diving feeding. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **plunging**. Presence or absence of plunging. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence).\r * **scavenging**. Presence or absence of scavenging. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **skimming**. Presence or absence of skim feeding. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence).\r * **surface_seizing**. Presence or absence of surface seizing. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **terrestrial_feeding**. Presence or absence of terrestrial feeding. 0 (absence) or 1 (presence). \r * **n_plastic**. Number of sampled birds that had ingested at least one piece of plastic. \r * **n_total**. Number of birds sampled.\r * **FO**. Frequency of occurrence of plastic. This is calculated as n_plastic / n_total.""" ; dc1:format "CSV" ; dc1:title "plastic-data-aggregated_2026" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 345844.0 ; dcat:mediaType "text/csv" . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description """File explaining where to add missing species to the taxonomy of Claramunt et al 2025.\r \r Column contents are as follows.\r \r * **Species**. Name of missing species.\r * **Simple**. Is the taxon simple to add to the tree, i.e. can it just be added to an existing tip (yes) or does it require more complicated coding (no)? YES/NO. \r * **Tip**. For simple additions, the name of the tip that the missing species should be grafted onto. Otherwise the name of the group the missing species needs to be grafted onto.\r * **Branch**. The divergence time for the branch length of the new branch added when the missing species is grafter to the tree.\r * **Justification**. Justification for decisions in the previous columns.\r * **Source**. Reference for the decision.""" ; dc1:format "CSV" ; dc1:title "tips-to-add" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 5277.0 ; dcat:mediaType "text/csv" . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description """Full list of 383 seabird species found in the Clements et al 2025 taxonomy and the Claramnut et al 2025 phylogeny, along with information on the number of birds sampled, number of plastic ingestion studies, number of birds ingesting plastic, mean weighted frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion, and whether or not plastic was recorded. For species not found in our plastic ingestion dataset, all entries are NA aside from FO which is zero.\r \r Column contents are as follows.\r \r * **tips**. Species name from Clements et al 2025 taxonomy.\r * **total_plastic**. Total number of birds recorded to ingest plastic.\r * **total_n**. Total number of birds studied.\r **species_FO**. Mean weighted frequency of occurrence of plastic ingestion (i.e. total_plastic / total_n weighted by total_n.\r * **n_studies**. Number of plastic ingestion studies.\r * **plastic**. Does the species ingest plastic? Yes/No/NA for species that do not appear in our plastic ingestion dataset.""" ; dc1:format "CSV" ; dc1:title "full-species-list-2026" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 15946.0 ; dcat:mediaType "text/csv" . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description """This is a species-level pruned tree matched to the seabird list from Clements 2025 taxonomy, containing **ONLY** the 240 species we collated data from in *02-plastic-ingestion-data*.\r \r **This is the tree used in most of the analyses.**\r \r Trees come from Claramunt et al 2025: BBtree3. Available from: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/evolucionario/BigBirdTree""" ; dc1:format "NEX" ; dc1:title "seabird-tree-plastic-2026" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 17969.0 . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description """Full details are available in the Supplementary Material of the paper.\r \r In brief, for each relevant publication in **01_sources-for-plastic-ingestion-data** we extracted information on the age class of sampled birds, sample size of birds, year(s) in which sampling was conducted, sampling method (bolus, brushing, lavage, necropsy, regurgitation or scat) and ocean basin (Arctic, Indian, North Atlantic, North Pacific, South Atlantic, South Pacific, or Southern oceans). \r \r We categorised the reported age class of sampled individuals as ‘adult’, ‘subadult’, ‘adult/subadult’, ‘nest-bound’ (i.e., chicks or fledglings), and ‘mixed’. If birds were collected at sea and age class was not reported, sampled birds were categorised as ‘adult/subadult’ because they were not nest-bound. When multiple age classes were pooled (e.g., chicks and adults) or when age class could not be discerned, we categorised age class as ‘mixed’. \r \r Data from each source was divided to ensure separate sampling units for each combination of source, year, site, species, age class, and sampling method, depending on how much detail on data collection was provided in the paper. Literature that failed to report sample sizes of birds examined for plastic ingestion and/or sample sizes of birds found with plastic was not included in the dataset. Duplicate data from secondary research was removed as long as they were specified as such by the authors.\r \r Column contents are as follows.\r \r * **HBWv8.1_Binomial**. Species name matched to Handbook of Birds of the World v8.1 taxonomy. Note that the data cleaning steps prior to the analyses update these to the Clements et al 2025 taxonomy.\r * **UniqueID_Plastic.study**. A unique ID for the combination of source*year*site*species*ageclass. This number is not linked to the Source.\r * **Source**. Source name in the form Author et al, YEAR. This matches the Source column in **01_sources-for-plastic-ingestion-data** . \r * **Common.name_Plastic.study**. Common name of the species as stated in the source. \r * **Sci.name_Plastic.study**. Scientific name of the species as stated in the source. \r * **Site**. Study site name, as per the Source. Include Country. \r * **lat**. Latitude (DMS) of study site.\r * **lon**. Longitude (DMS) of study site. \r * **MarineRegion**. Ocean basin of site. Options are Arctic, Indian, North Atlantic, North Pacific, South Atlantic, South Pacific, or Southern oceans.\r * **Age.Class**. Age class of sampled birds. Options are adult, subadult, adult/subadult, nest-bound (i.e., chicks or fledglings), or mixed. If birds were collected at sea and age class was not reported, sampled birds were categorised as adult/subadult because they were not nest-bound. When multiple age classes were pooled (e.g., chicks and adults) or when age class could not be discerned, we categorised age class as mixed.\r * **Date_Text**. Date as text. If relevant this was the range of dates the study covered.\r * **Date_FirstYR**. First year the study covered. \r * **Date_LastYR**. Last year the study covered. \r * **Date_MedianYR**. Median year the study covered. \r * **Study.Duration** . Study duration in years.\r * **n**. Number of birds sampled. \r * **n_plastic**. Number of sampled birds that had ingested at least one piece of plastic. \r * **FO**. Frequency of occurrence of plastic. This is calculated as *n_plastic / n*. \r * **Plastic**. Did any of the sampled birds ingest at least one piece of plastic? Yes/No. \r * **Sampling_method**. Primary way that plastic samples were obtained. Options are bolus, brushing, lavage, necropsy, regurgitation or scat.\r * **Added_by**. Data curator who added the data. Primarily Steph Avery-Gomm (SA-G), Nia Potapova (NP) or Chrissie Potter (CP). \r * **Comments**. Any comments, queries or notes made by the data curators. """ ; dc1:format "CSV" ; dc1:title "02_plastic-ingestion-data" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 539394.0 ; dcat:mediaType "text/csv" . a dcat:Distribution ; dc1:description """This is a family-level pruned tree matched to the seabird list from Clements 2025 taxonomy. \r \r Pruned tree from Claramunt et al 2025: BBtree3 at family-level\r \r Available from: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/evolucionario/BigBirdTree""" ; dc1:format "NEX" ; dc1:title "family-tree-2026.nex" ; dcat:accessURL ; dcat:byteSize 1089.0 .