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In the field-dependent/independent model of cognitive or learning style, a field-independent learning style is defined by a tendency to separate details from the surrounding context.

A ‘find someone who’ activity is a speaking activity which involves learners trying to find someone in the group who matches a description.

Flashcards are pictures or photographs mounted on small cards.

Fluency refers to how well a learner communicates meaning rather than how many mistakes they make in grammar, pronunciation and vocabulary.

Formal assessment uses formal tests or structured continuous assessment to evaluate a learner’s level of language.

Formative assessment is the use of assessment to give the learner and the teacher information about how well something has been learnt so that they can decide what to do next.

Fossilization refers to the process in which incorrect language becomes a habit and cannot easily be corrected.

Free practice is a stage in a lesson where learners produce language using the target content freely.

Find out what functions are and why they’re important in the classroom.

A gap-fill is a practice exercise in which learners have to replace words missing from a text.